Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Substance Use at 2 Years: The Moderating Effects of Residential Treatment Conditions

Abstract

The relationship between abstinence self-efficacy and substance use at 2 years was examined among a sample (N = 470) of persons with substance use disorders and recent incarceration histories. Participants were assigned to residential (therapeutic community/TC or Oxford House) or nonresidential (usual care) conditions. The authors hypothesized abstinence self-efficacy would predict decreased substance use, and residential treatments would moderate this relationship. A conditional effect was observed, with low levels of abstinence self-efficacy predicting significant increases in substance use in the TC and usual care conditions. Supplemental analyses revealed significant decreases in substance use over time among participants in the Oxford House condition, and a significant conditional effect (gender x treatment condition) in relation to substance use. Findings point to the need for researchers to examine factors that mitigate the relationship between abstinence self-efficacy and substance use outcomes, and for treatment providers to consider the Oxford House model for this population.

The Mediating Role of Forgiveness and Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Treatment Motivation Among Malaysian Male Drug Addicts

“…The concept of self-efficacy, which originated from Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, referred to a person’s beliefs in their capacity to use resources and skills to accomplish certain tasks ( Bandura, 1993 ). In the context of drug abuse, abstinence self-efficacy, which is considered as a specific form of self-efficacy to examine the ability among drug addicts to abstain from drug use, has been identified as a significant intrapersonal resource to predict substance use ( McKay et al, 2004 ; Majer et al, 2016 ) and also as a crucial component to improve drug treatment outcomes ( Litt et al, 2008 ; Kadden and Litt, 2011 ) and future abstinence ( Chavarria et al, 2012 ). However, in drug treatment research, an area in which knowledge is currently lacking is the association between drug addicts’ motivation when entering drug treatment in relation to their level of self-efficacy.…”

Assessment tools for the measurement of the self-efficacy of drug users: protocol for a systematic review

“…Self-efficacy with regard to resisting the urge to take drugs in high-risk situations is considered a strong predictor of abstinence or a reduction in drug use and is related to the results of treatment. 26–28 Considering the importance of this subtype, the number of assessment tools developed to measure this phenomenon and the lack of recommendations regarding the most robust assessment tools, there is a need to evaluate the psychometric properties of available measures and recommend an assessment tool that can serve as the gold standard.…”