Abstract 16828: Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-based Studies From 90 Countries

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading preventable cause of premature death worldwide. We aimed to examine the global disparities of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 2010 and compare secular changes in these disparities from 2000 to 2010. Methods: We searched MEDLINE from January 1995 to December 2014 and supplemented with manual searches of references from retrieved articles. A total of 135 population-based studies with 968,419 individuals aged ≥20 years from 90 countries were included. Sex-age-specific prevalences of hypertension from each country were applied to population data to calculate the number of hypertensive adults in each region and globally. Proportions of awareness, treatment, and control from each country were applied to hypertensive populations to obtain regional and global estimates. Results: An estimated 30.2% (95% confidence interval, 30.1-30.4%) of the world’s adult population in 2010 had hypertension; 28.6% (28.3-28.9%) in high-income countries and 30.3% (30.1-30.5%) in low- and middle-income countries. An estimated 1.35 billion (1.34-1.36 billion) people had hypertension in 2010; 349 million (339-359 million) in high-income and 1.00 billion (0.99-1.01 billion) in low- and middle-income countries. From 2000 to 2010, age-standardized prevalence of hypertension decreased by 2.3% in high-income countries but increased by 6.1% in low- and middle-income countries. During the same period, the proportions of awareness (56.6% vs 68.8%), treatment (42.9% vs 56.1%), and control (16.6% vs. 28.9%) increased substantially in high-income countries, whereas awareness (34.7% vs 35.1%), treatment (23.4% vs 26.4%), and control (7.0% vs 7.8%) increased only slightly in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusions: Global disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control are large and increasing. Collaborative efforts from national and international stakeholders are urgently needed to combat the emerging hypertension burden in low- and middle-income countries.

Mixed Effect of Alcohol, Smoking, and Smokeless Tobacco Use on Hypertension among Adult Population in India: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

“…Hypertension or high blood pressure (High BP) has been a growing public health concern in low- and middle-income countries [ 1 ]. A major risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and kidney diseases [ 2 ], hypertension has been extensively associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption.…”

The Health Status of Zimbabwean Immigrants in the US: A Needs Assessment

“…Untreated or treated but uncontrolled hypertension in adults increases the risk for all cause and CVD mortality while effectively treated hypertension levels CVD risk to that of normotensive people (Zhou et al, 2018). The high prevalence of hypertension at 34.7% is higher than that the 30.0% in Zimbabwe, (Mutowo et al, 2015), and also higher than that from a meta-analysis of data from 90 countries (Mills et al, 2016), and other black immigrant populations (Brown et al, 2017;Turkson-Ocran et al, 2020). The longer the participants in our study had been in the US, the more likely they were to be diagnosed with hypertension.…”

Knowing the gap: medication use, adherence and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension in Indonesian primary care settings

“…False impressions, such as ‘taking antihypertensive medications should be discontinued once blood pressure is controlled,’ and being afraid of side effects, are reported to cause drug discontinuation ( Kimani et al, 2019 ; Tan et al, 2017 ). A higher level of education was associated with higher socioeconomic status, which is often linked to disease awareness and health-seeking behaviours ( Mills et al, 2016 ). Hence, the low educational background among patients with hypertension in these Indonesian PHCs warrants the development of appropriate educational strategies whilst considering the already high workload among health professionals in PHCs.…”