Abundance and Effects of Predators and Parasitoids on the Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Under Organic Farming Conditions in Colorado

Mohamed, Ashraf A.; Lester, Philip J.; Holtzer, Thomas O.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x(2000)029[0360:aaeopa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Biological control is an important component in integrated management of wheat aphids (Tanigoshi et al 1995, Mohamed et al 2000. Chrysopids are important predators in several crops of economic interest (Tauber et al 2000) and are considered, together with aphidiid wasps, as key natural enemies of aphids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon influence on the tritrophic interaction: wheat plants, the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Aphidius colemani viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Moraes¹,

Goussain²,

Basagli³

et al. 2004

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Influência do Silício na Interação Tritrófica: Plantas de Trigo, Pulgão-Verde Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e seus Inimigos Naturais Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) e Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)RESUMO -Estudou-se a interação tritrófica: trigo, pulgão-verde Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) e seus inimigos naturais-chave Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) e Aphidius colemani Viereck, em plantas com ou sem adubação de silício. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 1) aplicação de silício via foliar; 2) aplicação de silício no solo e 3) testemunha (sem aplicação). As avaliações consistiram: a) teste de preferência do pulgão com chance de escolha em laboratório e b) aspectos biológicos das fases imaturas do predador C. externa, alimentado com pulgões criados em plantas dos diferentes tratamentos. Para a realização dos bioensaios com A. colemani foram realizados dois tratamentos: 1) aplicação de silício no solo e 2) testemunha (sem aplicação). As características biológicas avaliadas foram: duração da fase imatura, longevidade, razão sexual, ciclo total e porcentagem de parasitismo. Verificou-se que a aplicação de silício aumentou o grau de resistência das plantas de trigo diminuindo a preferência do pulgão-verde em relação à testemunha. Esse resultado pode estar relacionado à barreira mecânica proporcionada pela deposição de sílica na parede celular, o que dificultaria a penetração do estilete no tecido da planta, como também ao aumento na síntese de compostos de defesa da planta. Entretanto, não foi observado nenhum efeito indireto da aplicação de silício nas características biológicas tanto do predador como do parasitóide.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Insecta, Triticum aestivum, resistência, predador, parasitóide ABSTRACT -We studied the tritrophic interaction: wheat, greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and its key natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Aphidius colemani Viereck, in plants with or without silicon fertilization. Treatments consisted of: 1) silicon application via the leaves; 2) silicon application in the soil 3) control (no application). The evaluations consisted of: a) free-choice aphid preference test in the laboratory, from the 35 th day after plant emergence, and b) biological aspects of the immature stages of predator C. externa, feeding on aphids reared on plants from the different treatments. Two treatments were tried in the bioassays involving A. colemani: 1) silicon application in the soil, and 2) control (no application). The biological traits evaluated were: duration of the immature stage, longevity, sex ratio, total developmental time, and percentage parasitism. Silicon application increased the degree of resistance in wheat plants, decreasing greenbug preference in relation to the control. This result could be related to the mechanical barrier provided by silica deposition in the cell wall, which would make it difficult for the stylet to penetrate the plant tissue, as well as an increase in the synthesis of plant defense compounds. Howev...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon influence on the tritrophic interaction: wheat plants, the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Aphidius colemani viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Moraes¹,

Goussain²,

Basagli³

et al. 2004

Neotrop. Entomol.

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“…The parasitoid was also detected in the previous post-release surveys in eastern Colorado, Kansas, and Montana (Elliott et al, 1995;Burd et al, 2001). Five exotic braconids released for D. noxia control in the west-central Great Plains (A. colemani, A. picipes, A. rhopalosiphi, E. plagiator, and P. gallicum) were not recovered in this or previous post-release surveys (Mohamed et al, 2000;Burd et al, 2001), although small numbers of unidentified Ephedrus sp. and Praon sp.…”

Section: Parasitoidsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…More than 15 million parasitoids and predators were released in 16 states and two Canadian provinces (Tanigoshi et al, 1995;Prokrym et al, 1998). In the west-central Great Plains (encompassing southeastern Wyoming, western Nebraska, and north-central Colorado, USA), 10 species of parasitoids and three species of predatory flies were released (Mohamed et al, 2000;Brewer et al, 2001;Burd et al, 2001). They were Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima, Aphelinus asychis Walker, Aphelinus varipes (Forester) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Aphidius picipes (Nees), Aphidius rhopalosiphi DeStefani, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Praon gallicum Stary´(Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae), Eupeodes nuda (F.), Sphaerophoria scripta (L.) (Diptera: Syrphidae), and Leucopis ninae Tanasijtshuk (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hymenopteran parasitoids and dipteran predators of Diuraphis noxia in the west-central Great Plains of North America: Species records and geographic range

et al. 2005

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Parasitoids and predatory flies were sampled in the wheat production region of the west-central Great Plains (southeastern Wyoming, western Nebraska, and northcentral Colorado) of North America using plant material infested with the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Samples were taken April through October in 2001 and 2002, which was 15-16 years after first detection of D. noxia and 5-6 years after the last release of natural enemies for its control in this region. The natural enemies detected were (in order of high to low detection frequencies across three states and 2 years): Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Eupeodes volucris Osten Sacken (Diptera: Syrphidae), Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae), Leucopis gaimarii Tanasijtshuk (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Aphidius avenaphis (Fitch), Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), Aphidius ervi Haliday, Praon yakimanum Pike and Stary´(Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae), and Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The results confirmed establishment of one of the 10 exotic parasitoid species released for D. noxia control (A. albipodus) in the west-central Great Plains. It is unknown whether detection of A. asychis, A. matricariae, and D. rapae can be attributed to exotic introductions or preexisting populations. Other species detected in this study have been previously documented from the western US, although the recognized distributions have expanded for A. avenaphis, L. gaimarii, and P. yakimanum compared to the first few years after initial detection of D. noxia. Thus, there is definitive establishment of one exotic introduced for D. noxia and considerable range expansion of preexisting species that prey upon D. noxia.

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“…This increase in species richness was particularly noticeable in the increase in predatory insects, which reduced the number of pests by preying on them. Mohamed et al (2000) studied the control of wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) by its natural enemies in organically grown cultivars, with the results indicating that increased natural insect enemies can reduce wheat production loss by 61%. Other report by Swezey et al (2006) investigated 6 years of continuous cotton growth using the OIPM and OWPM cultivation methods, and showed that although no significant differences in plant growth and insect population abundance occurred, the yield under OIPM was higher than that under OWPM cultivation.…”

Section: Effects Of Different Cultivation and Management Methods On Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of organic cultivation with and without pest management of Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) on yield characteristics, seed chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity

Hou¹,

Chen²,

Ferng³

et al. 2018

Net J Agric Sci

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Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) is an important crop in Taiwan, Japan and many countries. The bean varieties Kaohsiung No. 8 (KS8) and No. 9 (KS9) were grown in the spring of 2013 and 2014 at an organic certified farm and harvested at maturity from two organic cultivation management systems: organic with integrated pest management (OIPM) and organic without pest management (OWPM). The harvested seeds from OIPM and OWPM cultivations were compared for yield characteristics, seed chemical composition, and seed antioxidant capacity. The yield characteristics were significantly higher in OIPM than OWPM cultivation in 2013 and 2014 of both KS8 and KS9 varieties. The chemical composition of the two varieties for both years showed that OIPM cultivation had relative higher ash and crude protein contents, whereas OWPM produced significantly higher carbohydrate content. The OWPM cultivation expressed higher ABTS and DPPH antioxidant abilities, as well as contained higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than OIPM. In conclusion, the OIPM increase the yield of Adzuki bean products, whereas OWPM cultivation expose the plants to pests and diseases occurring may increase the antioxidant activity and components. It may suggest that OWPM enhance the chance of the plants responding by inducing a protection system to prevent pathogen attack.Keywords: Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), organic integrated pest management (OIPM), organic without pest management (OWPM), antioxidant capacity.

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Abundance and Effects of Predators and Parasitoids on the Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Under Organic Farming Conditions in Colorado

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Silicon influence on the tritrophic interaction: wheat plants, the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Aphidius colemani viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Silicon influence on the tritrophic interaction: wheat plants, the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Aphidius colemani viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Hymenopteran parasitoids and dipteran predators of Diuraphis noxia in the west-central Great Plains of North America: Species records and geographic range

Effects of organic cultivation with and without pest management of Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) on yield characteristics, seed chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity

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