Abuso de derechos en las relaciones jurídicas corporativas: el concepto y características, temas y formas.

Abstract

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar el abuso de los derechos en las relaciones jurídicas corporativas. Se utilizaron los aspectos teóricos, metodológicos, conceptuales e institucionales del abuso del derecho por parte de los accionistas en las relaciones con una sociedad anónima. Los resultados mostraron que el abuso de los derechos por parte de los accionistas se entiende como una violación por parte de los accionistas de las reglas básicas de comportamiento corporativo según las cuales un accionista está obligado a ejercer sus derechos e intereses legítimos al tiempo que respeta los derechos de otros accionistas, así como el toda la sociedad anónima.

Cation dependence of enniatin B/membrane-interactions assessed using surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy

“…Ovchinnikov et al showed that K + binds EB as EB2:K + sandwich complexes in organic solvents. [14] Based on these results it was suggested that Na + and Ca 2+ adopt similar structures, as similar peak positions of 1746-1744/1666-1665 cm -1 were observed with the ions for the ν(COester)/ν(COamide) modes. Comparing these previous FT-IR results obtained from acetonitrile solutions with the present SEIRA spectra of EB in tBLMs, we note similar peak positions of 1744/1666 cm -1 in presence of K + , but not for Na + and Ca 2+ (Table 1).…”

“…Previously, Ovchinnikov et al have determined IR spectra of EBn:M + complexes to identify specific complexes in acetonitrile as solvent. [14] Surprisingly, in their work IR spectra of Figure 3. SEIRA spectra of membrane-incorporated EB after buffer exchange from Na + to K + , Cs + , Li + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ (from top to bottom in both A and B).…”

“…[9][10][11][12][13] Enniatins are well known for their ionophoric behaviour by which they exert antibacterial, antifungal, antihelmintic and antiviral activity. [14,15] The same behaviour is considered to be responsible for the primary mechanism of toxicity against cancer cells, which disturbs the physiological homeostasis by transporting cations through cell membranes leading to apoptotic cell death. [3] Since enniatins can be conveniently derivatized using the concept of hybrid modular non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, they present a promising class of anticancer agents that need to be explored in terms of their detailed molecular mechanism of action.…”

“…[15] Interestingly, it has been suggested that this ion flux is accomplished by the existence of several distinct EBn:M z+ complexes in the lipid membrane with different stoichiometries. [14,19,20] Based on the possible coordination of cations via the three amide carbonyl groups and the three ester carbonyl groups several distorted octahedral EBn:M z+ complexes have been proposed: (a) a 1:1 complex where the metal ion is positioned in the middle of the EB ring (Figure 1B), (b) a "sandwich" 2:1 complex with the metal cation between two EB rings (Figure 1C), and (c) a much less likely "double-sandwich" 3:2 complex in which one EB ring is located between two metal ions that are enclosed by two EBs. While in the 1:1 complex all carbonyls of one EB molecule are involved in coordination, in 2:1 and 3:2 complexes either amides or esters (all amide and ester carbonyls are pointing towards opposite sides of the ring, see Figure 1) can contribute to coordination.…”

“…[20] Experimental studies of these potential complexes in organic solvents supported such a situation while crystallography of an admixture of EB and K + SCNsuggests in general that both coordinations (ester and amide) are viable in a crystal. [14,[19][20][21] However, even though these studies provided initial knowledge on the structure of EBn:M z+ complexes in various environments, much knowledge is missing regarding EB's cation-dependent mechanism of incorporation and its structure-function relationship in lipid membranes, where it exerts its natural bioactive function. This understanding is essential to guide the design of more active derivatives.…”