Academic Freedom

Abstract

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The right to teach at university: a Humboldtian perspective

“…This position has been consistently asserted by a number of thinkers about higher education for over one hundred years, influenced by the Humboldtian model (e.g. Ashby, 1969;Eliot, 1907;Jaspers, 1959;Marinetto, 2012;Russell, 1993;Truscot, 1943). Stout (1965: 61) summed it up in his claim that 'all teaching at the university level should be alive with the spirit of discovery', in the absence of which students are not involved in a credible higher education experience.…”

“…This means that professors do not have a monopoly on knowledge creation and truth seeking, and so it follows that teaching cannot be conceived of as a crude form of 'spoon feeding' students with the received wisdoms of an academic discipline. Humboldt's conception is essentially egalitarian in nature and suggests that a common bond ties both partiesstudents and their professorstogether (see also Eliot, 1907;Jaspers, 1959;Truscot, 1943). To guide and support the students in this process, the teachers themselves must be at the cutting edge of knowledge production.…”

Academic Freedom from the Perspectives of Academics and Students: A Qualitative Study

“…When the related literature is examined, it is observed that academics' freedoms in research can be ordered as follows: 1) academics' being free to conduct research on what they want in a manner befitting scientific and ethical principles without the fear of the displeasure of others and any pressure from the authorities; 2) academics' freedom to determine the scope of the topic to be studied and its linguistic expression befitting the scientific principles as they wish; 3) academics' being free to participate in any educational, social or professional organization, provided that it is legal; 4) academics' being free in their domestic and international travel with the aim of conducting research and providing educational improvement; and 5) academics' being free to publish the results of their studies without any pressure from the authorities (Eliot, 1907;Anderson, 1934;Hafstadter, 1955;Emerson & Haber, 1964;Ashby & Anderson, 1966;Dworking, 1979;Hook, 1971;Hamilton, 1998;Kahn & Pavlich, 2000;Hamilton, 2002;Robinson, Moulton, & College, 2002;Yalçın, 2002;Günay, 2004;Cain, 2007;Cole, 2009;Woodhouse, 2009;Balyer, 2011;Haberler, 2013).…”