Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus and other giant viruses: an open field to outstanding discoveries

Abrahão, Jônatas Santos; Dornas, Fábio P.; Silva, Lorena C.F.; Almeida, Gabriel Marchesan; Boratto, Paulo Victor de Miranda; Colson, Philippe; Scola, Bernard La; Kroon, Erna Geessien

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-11-120

Cited by 54 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Giant viruses are dsDNA viruses with an extraordinary diameter of around 700 nm and a genome size of 1.2 Mb. Recent studies have brought even more attention to these viruses as they indicated that in addition to amoebas, also vertebrates, including humans, may be hosts of these viruses (Abrahao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Amoeba-infecting Giant-like Viruses Are Widespread In Methanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of dsDNA and RNA viromes in methanogenic digesters reveals novel viral genetic diversity

Całusińska

Marynowska

Goux

et al. 2016

Environmental Microbiology

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SummaryAlthough viruses are not the key players of the anaerobic digestion process, they may affect the dynamics of bacterial and archaeal populations involved in biogas production. Until now viruses have received very little attention in this specific habitat; therefore, as a first step towards their characterization, we optimized a virus filtration protocol from anaerobic sludge. Afterwards, to assess dsDNA and RNA viral diversity in sludge samples from nine different reactors fed either with waste water, agricultural residues or solid municipal waste plus agro-food residues, we performed metagenomic analyses. As a result we showed that, while the dsDNA viromes (21 assigned families in total) were dominated by dsDNA phages of the order Caudovirales, RNA viruses (14 assigned families in total) were less diverse and were for the main part plant-infecting viruses. Interestingly, less than 2% of annotated contigs were assigned as putative human and animal pathogens. Our study greatly extends the existing view of viral genetic diversity in methanogenic reactors and shows that these viral assemblages are distinct not only among the reactor types but also from nearly 30 other environments already studied, including the human gut, fermented food, deep sea sediments and other aquatic habitats.

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Section: Amoeba-infecting Giant-like Viruses Are Widespread In Methanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of dsDNA and RNA viromes in methanogenic digesters reveals novel viral genetic diversity

Całusińska

Marynowska

Goux

et al. 2016

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Their large genomes suggest that their life cycles, i.e., infection processes in their hosts, are complex (Fischer and Sansom, 2002; Gazzarrini et al, 2003; Chen et al, 2005; Frohns et al, 2006; Claverie and Abergel, 2010; Hamacher et al, 2012; Kuznetsov et al, 2013; Mutsafi et al, 2013; Chelikani et al, 2014). Further discoveries of NCLDVs that continue to set records for genome size have ignited discussion about their origin and evolution (Iyer et al, 2006; Suzan-Monti et al, 2006; Koonin and Yutin, 2010; Arslan et al, 2011; Colson et al, 2011; Abrahao et al, 2014; Abergel et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Phylogeny of Large DNA Viruses, Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae Including Newly Characterized Heterosigma akashiwo Virus

Maruyama

Ueki

2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Nucleocytoplasmic DNA viruses are a large group of viruses that harbor double-stranded DNA genomes with sizes of several 100 kbp, challenging the traditional concept of viruses as small, simple ‘organisms at the edge of life.’ The most intriguing questions about them may be their origin and evolution, which have yielded the variety we see today. Specifically, the phyletic relationship between two giant dsDNA virus families that are presumed to be close, Mimiviridae, which infect Acanthamoeba, and Phycodnaviridae, which infect algae, is still obscure and needs to be clarified by in-depth analysis. Here, we studied Mimiviridae–Phycodnaviridae phylogeny including the newly identified Heterosigma akashiwo virus strain HaV53. Gene-to-gene comparison of HaV53 with other giant dsDNA viruses showed that only a small proportion of HaV53 genes show similarities with the others, revealing its uniqueness among Phycodnaviridae. Phylogenetic/genomic analysis of Phycodnaviridae including HaV53 revealed that the family can be classified into four distinctive subfamilies, namely, Megaviridae (Mimivirus-like), Chlorovirus-type, and Coccolitho/Phaeovirus-type groups, and HaV53 independent of the other three groups. Several orthologs found in specific subfamilies while absent from the others were identified, providing potential family marker genes. Finally, reconstruction of the evolutionary history of Phycodnaviridae and Mimiviridae revealed that these viruses are descended from a common ancestor with a small set of genes and reached their current diversity by differentially acquiring gene sets during the course of evolution. Our study illustrates the phylogeny and evolution of Mimiviridae–Phycodnaviridae and proposes classifications that better represent phyletic relationships among the family members.

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“…In cyst form, these protozoa are reported to be highly stable after treatment with sanitizing and disinfecting agents such as chlorine and are highly resistant to extremes of pH and temperature (36,37). Human contact with acanthamoebae is quite frequent since antibodies to Acanthamoeba could be detected in Ͼ80% of the human population (38). Human noroviruses are highly contagious and responsible for an estimated 21 million gastrointestinal illnesses annually in the United States (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Human Norovirus Surrogates and Acanthamoeba spp

Hsueh

Gibson

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most common cause of food-borne disease outbreaks, as well as virus-related waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Here, we hypothesize that common free-living amoebae (FLA)-ubiquitous in the environment, known to interact with pathogens, and frequently isolated from water and fresh produce-could potentially act as reservoirs of HuNoV and facilitate the environmental transmission of HuNoVs. To investigate FLA as reservoirs for HuNoV, the interactions between two Acanthamoeba species, A. castellanii and A. polyphaga, as well as two HuNoV surrogates, murine norovirus type 1 (MNV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV), were evaluated. The results showed that after 1 h of amoeba-virus incubation at 25°C, 490 and 337 PFU of MNV-1/ml were recovered from A. castellanii and A. polyphaga, respectively, while only few or no FCVs were detected. In addition, prolonged interaction of MNV-1 with amoebae was investigated for a period of 8 days, and MNV-1 was demonstrated to remain stable at around 200 PFU/ml from day 2 to day 8 after virus inoculation in A. castellanii. Moreover, after a complete amoeba life cycle (i.e., encystment and excystment), infectious viruses could still be detected. To determine the location of virus associated with amoebae, immunofluorescence experiments were performed and showed MNV-1 transitioning from the amoeba surface to inside the amoeba over a 24-h period. These results are significant to the understanding of how HuNoVs may interact with other microorganisms in the environment in order to aid in its persistence and survival, as well as potential transmission in water and to vulnerable food products such as fresh produce.N oroviruses belong to a highly genetically and antigenically diverse genus Norovirus of the Caliciviridae family. Noroviruses are divided into five genogroups (GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV) according to the genetic similarity of highly conserved areas of their genomes, such as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the VP1 protein (1), with GI, GII, and GIV associated with human diseases. They are important enteric pathogens responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide (2) and, partially due to their high infectivity and low infectious dose (18 to 1,000 virus particles) (3), human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most common cause of food-borne disease outbreaks in the United States (4).Transmission of HuNoV occurs primarily through exposure to contaminated food or water, person-to-person contact, aerosolized particles from vomitus, and contact with contaminated fomites (e.g., door handles, toilets, tables, and elevator buttons) (5). Numerous waterborne disease outbreaks have been linked to HuNoV (6-9), and HuNoVs are often detected in surface water (10), wastewater (11), and even finished drinking water (12). With respect to food-borne disease outbreaks, the most common food commodity implicated in HuNoV outbreaks is fresh produce, specifically leafy greens (13); however, the route of transmission and point of contami...

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus and other giant viruses: an open field to outstanding discoveries

Cited by 54 publications

References 100 publications

Analysis of dsDNA and RNA viromes in methanogenic digesters reveals novel viral genetic diversity

Analysis of dsDNA and RNA viromes in methanogenic digesters reveals novel viral genetic diversity

Evolution and Phylogeny of Large DNA Viruses, Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae Including Newly Characterized Heterosigma akashiwo Virus

Interactions between Human Norovirus Surrogates and Acanthamoeba spp

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