Acaricidal Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts against Different Developmental Stages of the Camel Tick Hyalomma dromedarii

Abstract

H yalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) is considered the most common tick species infesting camels in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The adverse economic impact of H. dromedarii ticks comes from irritation, annoyance, anemia, secondary skin infection, tick fever, and is considered as a vector for various devastating diseases (Abdel-Shafy et al., 2012; Abdullah et al., 2016; Yadav et al., 2017).Eco-friendly control of ticks is currently a crucial challenge (Benelli et al., 2016; Khater et al., 2016) where, the control of tick infestations is primarily based on the use of synthetic chemical acaricides. Due to widespread chemical applications, ticks have acquired resistance to the majority of acaricides; moreover, acaricides leave residues in foods and cause environmental pollution (Ghosh et al., 2013). Therefore, there is a need to discover eco-friendly alternatives for these chemicals. Use of herbal medications has research Article Abstract | The pesticidal effect of petroleum ether and ethyl alcohol extracts of Melia azedarach and Artemisia herba-alba against active stages (larvae, unfed adults and engorged females) of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii was evaluated by larval and adult immersion tests. Extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the major active constituents. Histological sections of semifed females were evaluated to monitor the changes occurring in the cuticles and guts. The LC 50 values indicated that the petroleum ether extract of A. herba-alba was more toxic against larvae (1.83%), followed by unfed adults (2.37%) and then engorged females (3.1%). However, the petroleum ether extract of M. azedarach exhibited its activity in the reverse order, i.e., it was more toxic against engorged females (3.96%), followed by unfed adults (5.47%), and then larvae 10.99%. The LC 50 values of the ethyl alcohol extracts of A. herba-alba and M. azedarach on larvae, unfed adults, and engorged females were 19.60% and 22.75%, 79.81% and 19.44%, and 29.63% and 11.1%, respectively. The egg productive index (EPI), egg number, and hatchability percentage were low in the treated females. Abnormalities were observed in the cuticles and guts after treatment with plant extracts. In conclusion, the two plants M. azedarach and A. herba-alba exhibited good acaricidal activities against the active stages of H. dromedarii and might be used in the control of the camel ticks.

Acaricidal Efficacy of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) and Their Toxic Effects on Swiss Albino Mice

“…Approximately, 300 larvae (for each concentration) were immersed for 1 min in 1 ml of the tested concentrations (4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/ml) of the synthesized ZnO NPs according to the method described by Abdel-Ghany et al . [ 30 ]. Each concentration was replicated 3 times (100 larvae/replicate).…”

Fabrication of a novel polyaniline/green‐synthesized, silver‐nanoparticle‐modified carbon paste electrode for electrochemical sensing of lead ions

“…A similar spectrum was observed previously. [ 51 ] The FTIR spectrum for the AgNPs shows the main characteristic band of the Artemisia extract with a low shift, which indicates that the main functional group works as a reducing and capping agent.…”

Acaricidal Properties of Four Neem Seed Extracts (Azadirachta indica) on the Camel Tick Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae)

“…Interestingly, the use of herbal medications becomes a promising alternative approach for the treatment of various infectious agents because of their biodegradability, target efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, and therefore, they gained a considerable interest in tropical and subtropical regions (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Among others, plant-derived materials and their bioactive substances were proposed as substitutes for synthetic acaricides due to their activity against ticks (27). As compared to synthetic ones, several previous reports revealed that herbal acaricides caused little environmental pollution and a low toxicity level to non-target organisms including humans, apart from the rapid biodegradation of their residues and their role in prevention of resistance development (28,29).…”