Accelerated reconstruction of rat calvaria bone defect using 3D-printed scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite/bioglass

Abstract

Self-healing and autologous bone graft of calvaraial defects can be challenging. Therefore, the fabrication of scaffolds for its rapid and effective repair is a promising field of research. This paper provided a comparative study on the ability of Three-dimensional (3D) printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds and PCL-modified with the hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioglasses (BG) bioceramics scaffolds in newly bone formed in calvaria defect area. The studied 3D-printed PCL scaffolds were fabricated by fused deposition layer-by-layer modeling. After the evaluation of cell adhesion on the surface of the scaffolds, they were implanted into a rat calvarial defect model. The rats were divided into four groups with scaffold graft including PCL, PCL/HA, PCL/BG, and PCL/HA/BG and a non-explant control group. The capacity of the 3D-printed scaffolds in calvarial bone regeneration was investigated using micro computed tomography scan, histological and immunohistochemistry analyses. Lastly, the expression levels of several bone related genes as well as the expression of miR-20a and miR-17-5p as positive regulators and miR-125a as a negative regulator in osteogenesis pathways were also investigated. The results of this comparative study have showed that PCL scaffolds with HA and BG bioceramics have a great range of potential applications in the field of calvaria defect treatment.

Regeneration of Rabbit Calvarial Defects with Combination of Stem Cells and Enamel Matrix Derivative: A Microcomputed Tomography and Histological Evaluation Comparing Two- and Three-Dimensional Cell Constructs

“…This approach enabled the sequential imaging of the rabbit specimens, allowing for the observation of structural changes at different time points. These sequential scans provided a comprehensive assessment of the evolving changes within the calvarial regions of the specimens over the designated time intervals [ 19 ].…”

Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

“…For instance, Fazeli et al reported the deposition of HAp and BG onto 3D printed PCL scaffolds via an immersion method with a HAp/BG solution. 78 Zhang et al reported PCL scaffolds coated with HAp via pulsed laser deposition (PLD). 79 Li et al described HAp deposition onto PVA/PLA scaffolds via electrodeposition.…”