Accelerating F-doping in transparent conducting F-doped SnO2 films for electrochromic energy storage devices

Jo, Myeong-Hun; Koo, Bon‐Ryul; Ahn, Hyo‐Jin

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.293

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“… 3 , 4 Indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) and tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) often doped, respectively, with tin and fluorine are the most widely used TCMs. 5 − 7 Despite their great advantages, the application of these compounds is unsustainable in the long term mainly due to the shortage of supplies and their brittle nature. 8 , 9 Therefore, in recent years, a variety of new oxide as well as nonoxide TCMs have been emerged such as Ga 2 O 3 , 10 BaSnO 3 , 11 conducting polymers, 12 carbon nanotubes, 13 metallic nanowires, 14 and graphene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of p-Doped Molecular Crystals as Transparent Conductive Electrodes via Virtual Screening

Nematiaram

Troisi

2022

Chem. Mater.

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Transparent conducting materials are an essential component of optoelectronic devices. It is proven difficult, however, to develop high-performance materials that combine the often-incompatible properties of transparency and conductivity, especially for p-type-doped materials. In this work, we have employed a large set of molecular semiconductors extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database to evaluate the likelihood of transparent conducting material technology based on p-type-doped molecular crystals. Candidates are identified imposing the condition of high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level (for the material to be easily dopable), high charge carrier mobility (for the material to display large conductivity when doped), and a high threshold for energy absorption (for the material to absorb radiation only in the ultraviolet). The latest condition is found to be the most stringent criterion in a virtual screening protocol on a database composed of structures with sufficiently wide two-dimensional (2D) electronic bands. Calculation of excited-state energy is shown to be essential as the HOMO–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap cannot be reliably used to predict the transparency of this material class. Molecular semiconductors with desirable mobility are transparent because they display either forbidden electronic transition(s) to the lower excited states or small exchange energy between the frontier orbitals. Both features are difficult to design but can be found in a good number of compounds through virtual screening.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of p-Doped Molecular Crystals as Transparent Conductive Electrodes via Virtual Screening

Nematiaram

Troisi

2022

Chem. Mater.

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“…ECDs can reversibly change their optical properties (transmittance, absorption, and reflectance) from electronic structure variations of electrochromic (EC) films. When an electric field is applied, EC films undergo electrochemical oxidation and a reduction reaction, accompanied by the transport of ions and electrons [4][5][6][7]. Typical ECDs are composed of the three main components of EC films (cathodic and anodic), an electrolyte, and transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layers, which can directly affect key performance outcomes of ECDs, such as the coloration efficiency (CE), switching speed, and transmittance modulation [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net-Patterned Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide to Accelerate the Electrochromic and Photocatalytic Interface Reactions

2021

Self Cite

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In this study, the surface morphology of net-patterned fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films was optimized with mesh sizes (60 mesh, 40 mesh, and 24 mesh) using the one-pot horizontal ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (HUSPD) process. The 40M-FTO sample exhibited optimized electrical and optical properties due to the improved crystallinity and net-patterned surface morphology of FTO. The electrochromic (EC) electrodes fabricated with 40M-FTO showed superior EC performance, including transmittance modulation (ΔT, 58.7%), switching speeds (4.1 s for coloration and 5.9 s for bleaching), and coloration efficiency (CE, 52.4 cm2/C). These optimum values were attributed to the combined effect of the enhanced electrical properties from the improved crystallinity of the SnO2 and the high transmittance with a large surface area stemming from the optimization of the net-patterned FTO surface morphology. Moreover, the improved reaction sites with large surface area and enhanced electrical conductivity can facilitate the photocatalytic reaction. Accordingly, we suggest our novel strategy for use in creating promising transparent conducting electrodes that can be fabricated with net-patterned FTO to realize enhanced electrochromic and photocatalytic interface reactions.

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“…The electrochromic tungsten oxide film transforms from a colorless film in the bleached state to a dark blue film in the colored state under the application of a potential. This transformation corresponds to the electronic transition between the different valence states of the tungsten ion, namely W +5 and W +6 , obtained by the redox reaction described by, 23,24

((), transparent) {WO}_{3} + {xLi}^{+} + {xe}^{-} \leftrightarrow {Li}_{x} {WO}_{3} ((), deep blue)

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly stable electrochromic cells based on amorphous tungsten oxides prepared using a solution‐annealing process

Nguyen

Huynh

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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In this work, a facile sol-gel and annealing technique was employed to prepare amorphous electrochromic tungsten oxide thin films at a relatively low temperature. Specifically, ammonium metatungstate hydrate was blended in dimethylformamide and was used as the precursor for obtaining highly uniform and transparent amorphous WO x by simple spin-coating and calcining in ambient air at 250 C for 2 hours. The film exhibits an unprecedented stability over 4000 operational cycles with a high coloration efficiency of 125 cm 2 C −1 and fast switching times of 5 seconds for the colored state and 2.5 seconds for the bleaching state. Therefore, the prepared amorphous tungsten oxide film is a prominent material for the next generation of electrochromic devices that can be used in smart windows and electronic display devices.

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Accelerating F-doping in transparent conducting F-doped SnO2 films for electrochromic energy storage devices

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Feasibility of p-Doped Molecular Crystals as Transparent Conductive Electrodes via Virtual Screening

Feasibility of p-Doped Molecular Crystals as Transparent Conductive Electrodes via Virtual Screening

Net-Patterned Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide to Accelerate the Electrochromic and Photocatalytic Interface Reactions

Highly stable electrochromic cells based on amorphous tungsten oxides prepared using a solution‐annealing process

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