Acceleration of Fracture Repair by Electromagnetic Fields. A Surgically Noninvasive Method

Bassett, C. Andrew L.; Pawluk, Robert J.; Pilla, Arthur A.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26794.x

Cited by 269 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…possible because of differences in species (i.e., canine, 11 turkey, 12 and rabbit 7 ), type of current (i.e., direct, 13 electromagnetic, 14 and pulsed 12 ), and in the type of the bone defect (i.e., fractures 14 and osteotomies 10 ). Despite the aforementioned differences that preclude definitive universal conclusions, there is agreement among the studies reported in the literature that electrical stimulation promotes bone healing and/or bone tissue regeneration, especially in the case of healing bone fractures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteodifferentiation in Response to Alternating Electric Current

Creecy

O’Neill

Arulanandam

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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The present study addressed adult human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation toward the osteoblastic lineage in response to alternating electric current, a biophysical stimulus. For this purpose, MSCs (chosen because of their proven capability for osteodifferentiation in the presence of select bone morphogenetic proteins) were dispersed and cultured within electric-conducting type I collagen hydrogels, in the absence of supplemented exogenous dexamethasone and/or growth factors, and were exposed to either 10 or 40 mA alternating electric current for 6 h per day. Under these conditions, MSCs expressed both early-(such as Runx-2 and osterix) and late-(specifically, osteopontin and osteocalcin) osteogenic genes as a function of level, and duration of exposure to alternating electric current. Compared to results obtained after 7 days, gene expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin (late-osteogenic genes) increased at day 14. In contrast, expression of these osteogenic markers from MSCs cultured under similar conditions and time periods, but not exposed to alternating electric current, did not increase as a function of time. Most importantly, expression of genes pertinent to the either adipogenic (specifically, Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4) or chondrogenic (specifically, type II collagen) pathways was not detected when MSCs were exposed to the aforementioned alternating electric-current conditions tested in the present study. The present research study was the first to provide evidence that alternating electric current promoted the differentiation of adult human MSCs toward the osteogenic pathway. Such an approach has the yet untapped potential to provide critically needed differentiated cell supplies for cell-based assays and/or therapies for various biomedical applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteodifferentiation in Response to Alternating Electric Current

Creecy

O’Neill

Arulanandam

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…In cell biological study, Bassett et al reported electromagnetic stimulation to fibroblast increased DNA synthesis and collagen production. Many similar conclusions have been drown from various basic and clinical studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . However, the specificity of the magnetic field is not fully understood, namely why bone tissue showed positive response to the magnetic stimulation is yet to be answered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Different Responses of Osteoblasts and Fibroblasts to a Changing Magnetic Field

Fukuzawa

Ozawa

Erkhembaatar

et al. 2013

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the response of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and fibroblasts (L929) toward an extremely low magnetic field (ELMF) exposure. The strength and frequency of the field were set to 0.4 T and 0.17 Hz, respectively. The cells were exposed to semi-confluent culture plates for 6 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed on days 1, 3, 7 and 10 after the ELMF exposure. To evaluate osteoblastic differentiation, we measured alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of MC3T3-E1 cells at 3, 7 and 10 days after the exposure. The effects on mineralized nodule formation was evaluated by Alizarin Red S staining at 21 day culture. The results revealed that proliferation of the MC3T3-E1 cells was stimulated 3 days after ELMF exposure, whereas that of L929 cells was not stimulated in the day 3 culture. This stimulation was not observed at 7 or 10 days in either cell. ALP activities of the MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly increased 7 and 10 days after the exposure, and calcified nodule formation was also promoted as compared to the non exposed control culture on day 21. These results suggest that osteoblasts demonstrate specific response to magnetic fields, and that bone formation can be accelerated through the stimulation of osteoblasts by ELMF.

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“…Since Fukada and Yasuda reported on the endogenous bioelectricity of bone [2], numerous studies have aimed for enhancement of bone growth by artificially generated electromagnetic fields. Bassett et al [3] were able to confirm the beneficial impact of electromagnetic fields on fracture repair in vivo. Empirically, sinusoidal stimulation at a frequency of 20 Hz with an electric field range between 5 and 70 V/m has been determined to lead to enhanced bone growth [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Numerical design studies on a novel electrostimulative osteosynthesis system for the mandible

Raben

Schmidt

Sridhar

et al. 2017

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering

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Fractures or other major bone defects in the mandible are commonly treated by mounting a reconstruction plate at the fracture site. To avoid complications due to loosening of the implant or the fixation screws, electrical stimulation presents a possibility to accelerate bone healing. The aim of this study was to investigate different combinations of activated electrodes and plate designs regarding their feasibility for electrostimulation of the mandibular bone. The electric field distribution for multiple implant designs was computed using the finite element method. The results suggest that the electrode insulation renders a crucial parameter, which influences substantially the stimulation impact and its power consumption.

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Acceleration of Fracture Repair by Electromagnetic Fields. A Surgically Noninvasive Method

Cited by 269 publications

References 26 publications

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteodifferentiation in Response to Alternating Electric Current

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteodifferentiation in Response to Alternating Electric Current

Different Responses of Osteoblasts and Fibroblasts to a Changing Magnetic Field

Numerical design studies on a novel electrostimulative osteosynthesis system for the mandible

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