Acceleration of galvanic lead solder corrosion due to phosphate

Impact of treatment on Pb release from full and partially replaced harvested Lead Service Lines (LSLs)

“…These findings corroborate previous results obtained for solders and lead w a t e r r e s e a r c h 4 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 6 6 1 e6 7 1 pipe, affected by galvanic corrosion, that demonstrated that sulfate (lower CSMR) inhibits the mechanism of galvanic corrosion (Nguyen et al, 2011b;Triantafyllidou and Edwards, 2011). The efficacy of sulfate strongly suggests that galvanic corrosion is the main cause of the increased Pb release observed after partial LSL replacements in this study.…”

“…However, the CSMR value of 0.9 is considered for significant risk of galvanic corrosion (Nguyen et al, 2011b). The temperature of the room, as well as the temperature of the water after stagnation was maintained to 20 AE 2 C (Table SM 1).…”

“…However, recent studies suggest that galvanic Pb:Cu connections might respond differently to phosphate, in that several studies demonstrated much higher lead after addition of phosphate in small-scale tests starting with new materials (Nguyen et al, 2011a;Arnold Jr. 2011). Chloride-tosulfate mass ratio (CSMR) of 0.5 or higher is directly associated with galvanic corrosion of solders (Nguyen et al, 2011b) and lead pipes connected to copper .…”

Effect of connection type on galvanic corrosion between lead and copper pipes

“…The practice of partial lead service line replacement (PLSLR), which involves replacing a portion of a lead service line with new copper, has come under scrutiny because of concern over elevated lead in water in both the short and long term (Cartier et al, 2012; Giammar et al, 2012; Brown et al, 2011; Triantafyllidou & Edwards, 2011; USEPA, 2011). Longer‐term problems can arise from direct galvanic corrosion between lead and copper pipe or from deposition corrosion from copper onto lead (Hu et al, 2012; Triantafyllidou & Edwards, 2011; Britton & Richards, 1981), and it is widely accepted that the magnitude of the problems might depend on the type of connection between the pipes (Boyd et al, 2012; Giammar et al, 2012; St. Clair et al, 2012; Triantafyllidou & Edwards, 2011; USEPA, 2011). Recent studies (Giammar et al, 2012; Triantafyllidou & Edwards, 2011; USEPA, 2011) have highlighted the need for research to quantify differences in galvanic corrosion performance of available connectors in PLSLRs with copper.…”

“…Longer‐term problems can arise from direct galvanic corrosion between lead and copper pipe or from deposition corrosion from copper onto lead (Hu et al, 2012; Triantafyllidou & Edwards, 2011; Britton & Richards, 1981), and it is widely accepted that the magnitude of the problems might depend on the type of connection between the pipes (Boyd et al, 2012; Giammar et al, 2012; St. Clair et al, 2012; Triantafyllidou & Edwards, 2011; USEPA, 2011). Recent studies (Giammar et al, 2012; Triantafyllidou & Edwards, 2011; USEPA, 2011) have highlighted the need for research to quantify differences in galvanic corrosion performance of available connectors in PLSLRs with copper.…”