Accelerative effect of topical Zataria multiflora essential oil against infected wound model by modulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen biosynthesis

Abstract

Context: Zataria multiflora Boiss (Lamiaceae) essential oil (ZME) is believed to be a bactericide herbal medicine and might alleviate negative effects of infection. Objective: This study evaluates the effects of an ointment prepared from ZME (ZMEO) on infected wounds. Materials and methods: A full-thickness excisional skin wound was surgically created in each mouse and inoculated with 5 Â 10 7 suspension containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The BALB/c mice (n ¼ 72) were divided into four groups: (1) negative control that received base ointment (NCG), (2) positive control that daily received Mupirocin V R (MG), (3) therapeutic ointment containing 2% ZMEO and (4) therapeutic ointment containing 4% ZMEO, for 21 days. Wound contraction, total bacterial count, histopathological parameters, antioxidant activity, qRT-PCR analysis for expression of IL-1b, TNF-a, VEGF, IGF-1, TGF-b, IL-10, and FGF-2 mRNA levels were assessed on days 3, 7, and 14 following the wounding. Results: Topical administration of ZMEO significantly decreased the total bacterial count and wound area and also expression of IL-1b and TNF-a compared to the control groups (p < 0.05) in all days. This could also increase significantly the expression of TGF-b, IL-10 IGF-1, FGF-2, and VEGF, and also angiogenesis, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, epithelialization ratio, and collagen deposition and improve antioxidant status compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusion: ZMEO accelerated the healing process of infected wounds by shortening the inflammatory factors and increasing proliferative phase. Applying ZMEO only and/or in combination with chemical agents for the treatment of wound healing could be suggested.

Antifungal Activities of Pure and ZnO-Encapsulated Essential Oil of Zataria multiflora on Alternaria solani as the Pathogenic Agent of Tomato Early Blight Disease

“…Thymol, γ-terpinene, p -cymene, and carvacrol were recognized as the main components of Z. multiflora EO, in agreement with the findings of Mahboubi et al (2017) and Farahpour et al (2021) . However, there are quantitative differences in identified compounds.…”

“…However, there are quantitative differences in identified compounds. For example, the percentage of thymol in this study was 47.08%, while its corresponding amount in the Mahboubi et al (2017) and Farahpour et al (2021) studies was 25.80 and 52.9%, respectively. The ability of the thymol is to change the hyphal morphology and cause hyphal aggregates, resulting in reduced diameters and lyses of hyphal wall.…”

Interleukin-4 can play a role in allergic rhinitis patient during treatment with Zataria multiflora

“…For instance, many beneficial effects have been reported for the Shirazi thyme plant, and a number of them have been proven [ 11 ]. As the role of cytokines is highlighted in many studies, it was attempted in the present study to evaluate the role of cytokines [ 12 , 13 ]. In our previous study, the effects of Shirazi thyme consumption were evaluated on the clinical symptoms and severity of allergic rhinitis according to the SNOT22 questionnaire.…”

Wound Healing Properties and Antimicrobial Effects of Parkia clappertoniana Keay Fruit Husk Extract in a Rat Excisional Wound Model

“…It is widely acknowledged that setbacks associated with conventional wound healing therapies, particularly, treatment failure and high cost of treatment, have necessitated a switch from reliance on conventional wound healing therapies to a much cheaper and readily available traditional wound healing approaches dominated by plants and plant-derived products. For instance, wound healing potentials of a number of plants including Pistacia atlantica, Zataria multiflora, Trifolium repens, Quercus infectoria, and Salvia officinalis have been confirmed in preclinical studies through use of in vitro and in vivo wound models [9][10][11][12][13]. Most often, plant-based wound healing therapies are inspired by the belief systems and ethnobotanical heritage of the people who use such wound healing therapies.…”