Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among health care workers at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model

Abstract

IntroductionAcceptance of vaccination among Health Care Workers is mandatory to lessen and curve the spread of transmission of COVID-19. Even though the Health Belief Model is one of the most widely used models for understanding vaccination behavior against COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Health Care Workers in Ethiopia was not adequately explored by using the Health Belief Model domains.PurposeThis study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among Health care workers in eastern, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional-based cross-sectional study design was used among 416 health care workers selected by a systematic random sampling method from June 1- 30/2021. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was carried out to identify factors associated with willingness to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and a statistical significance was declared at a P-value < 0.05.ResultsThe willingness of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was 35.6% making a response rate of 99.7%. Age 30-39 (AOR = 4.16;95% CI: 2.51, 6.88), age ≥ 40 years (AOR = 3.29;95% CI: 1.47, 7.39), good attitude (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.55), perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.32), and perceived severity (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.10) were factors significantly associated with Health Care Workers acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine.ConclusionThe willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low. Factors significantly associated with the willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine were age, good attitude, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity of the disease. The low willingness of Health Care Workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was alarming and it needs more emphasis from the government in collaboration with other stakeholders to provide reliable information to avert misconceptions and rumors about the vaccine to improve the vaccine status of Health Care Workers to protect the communities.

COVID-19 vaccination uptake among healthcare workers in Ghana: A comprehensive analysis of knowledge, attitude, perceived vaccine effectiveness, and health belief model constructs

“…Those who perceived themselves to be at high risk of getting infected with COVID-19, those who perceived the COVID-19 vaccination to be beneficial, and those with high cues to action were significantly more likely to have received the COVID-19 vaccine in the univariable analysis. Similar findings were reported among HCWs in China [80] and Ethiopia [46] and among the general population in Malawi [81], Israel [82] and Bangladesh [79]. These findings provide an evidence-based formulation of vaccination strategies.…”

“…The HBM has widely been used in determining vaccination behavior, particularly COVID-19 vaccination. Most HBM constructs have significantly been associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance [46,76,78,79]. In this current study, five constructs of the HBM provided a framework for assessing determinants of COVID-19 vaccination uptake among HCWs.…”

“…The total score for each dimension was computed and the mean score for each domain was calculated. Scores above the mean indicated greater levels of the specific domain and otherwise lower levels [46].…”

“…The total score for each dimension was computed and the mean score for each domain was calculated. Scores above the mean indicated greater levels of the specific domain and otherwise lower levels [46]. Data was collected from 24 th July 2023 to 31 st August 2023 with the help of three trained assistants, who are healthcare workers.…”

COVID-19 vaccination uptake among healthcare workers in Ghana: A comprehensive analysis of knowledge, attitude, perceived vaccine effectiveness, and health belief model constructs

“…Conversely, two other studies found acceptance rates of 70.0% [ 22 ] and 78.6% among HCWs in Ghana, exceeding the regional acceptance rate in Africa [ 38 ]. Key determinants of vaccine hesitancy among HCWs, particularly in developing countries included concerns about vaccine effectiveness [ 39 ], knowledge about the vaccine [ 40 , 41 ], attitude towards vaccination [ 35 , 42 , 43 ], and health belief model measures, including perceived susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19 infection [ 44 , 45 ], perceived barriers and benefits to vaccination [ 42 ], and cues to action [ 46 ]. Globally, perceived COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among the general population ranged from 67.8% to 95.9%, and factors such as age, sex, level of education, and marital status significantly influenced individual perception of vaccine efficacy [ 47 ].…”