Accesibilidad en salud: revisión sobre niños y niñas con discapacidad en Brasil-Perú-Colombia

Abstract

(analítico) La investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los principales problemas de acceso a los servicios de salud de niños y niñas con diversidad funcional en América Latina. Se trata de una revisión sistemática. Se desarrollaron estrategias detalladas para la búsqueda individual en Health, Redalyc, Medline y SciELO entre mayo y junio de 2018. Se incluyeron artículos originales publicados entre enero 2013- julio 2018 en portugués, inglés o español. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos para la categorización de los estudios. Se identificaron 9 artículos, todos transversales de diseño descriptivo. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, quedó evidente que las dificultades de acceso a los servicios de salud están asociadas a la mayor vulnerabilidad a factores demográficos, socioeconómicos, siendo necesario traspasar las barreras existentes a través de la creación y efectividad de políticas públicas que garanticen acceso a la salud.

Atenção à saúde de adolescentes no Brasil: scoping review

“…Na maioria dos países, muitos e muitas adolescentes e jovens encontram obstáculos legais e econômicos e ambientes hostis ao acesso e ao uso dos serviços de saúde, como quebra de sigilo, juízo de valor, discriminação e desaprovação, relacionados à atividade sexual e ao uso de drogas. O acesso aos serviços de saúde também é afetado pela política de $nanciamento dos sistemas de saúde, barreiras geográ$cas e disponibilidade de pessoal de saúde (Santos et al, 2019).…”

Análisis espacial de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la península de Yucatán, México

“…Esta resulta sumamente interesante, pues no necesariamente se manifiesta en regiones pobres, sino que está presente también en aquellas ricas. De hecho, en la literatura hay una buena cantidad de subdimensiones bien identificadas en las que la desigualdad está presente en distintos sectores de población, por ejemplo, en población nativa e inmigrantes (Rodríguez, Lanborena, y Borreli, 2018;Kaitelidou et al, 2020), hombres y mujeres (Okojie, 1994;Yaya et al, 2019), por razones de género (Jennings et al, 2019;Kneale et al, 2019), por segmento de edad (Batista et al, 2019), para padecimientos específicos como VIH o trastornos mentales (Davis, 1991; Lawrence y Kisely, 2010) y asociada a niveles de pobreza (Stuckler y Basu, 2013;Blyth, 2014).…”

Measurable Indicators of CRPD for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities within the Quality of Life Framework

“…Article 9 (accessibility): Four studies [46,48,53,67] mention specific elements that could be operationalized with respect to the accessibility of the environment. In particular, they refer to accessibility in health facilities, community centers, educational establishments, and workplaces; accessibility in public infrastructure; accessibility of leisure environments.…”

“…The most frequently cited aspects in relation to women include prevention and intervention in gender-based violence (knowing their rights, knowing how to deal with acts of aggression perpetrated by men, easy-read guides on gender-based violence, providing information and raising awareness of ID for people working with women who have been victims of gender-based violence, information services and specialist guidance on existing resources and intermediation in the public system, emotional support, legal advice); employment; avoiding overprotection (parents are usually more protective with daughters); taking into account the demands of women with ID; right to participate in decisions about their lives. • Article 7 (children with disabilities): Six papers focus on the right of children with disabilities to express their views freely on all matters affecting them and to be provided with disabilityand age-appropriate assistance to realize that right [8,46,48,67,74,75]. While most of the indicators and personal outcomes matched those already proposed and reflected in other CRPD rights, it was stressed that these must also be fulfilled during childhood and adolescence.…”

“…[39,40,42,46,47,49,59,66]: access to the labor market; having a (local) paid job (not being refused a job, promotion or interview because of disability); safe and suitable employment; satisfaction with the employment and salary (paid on an equal basis to others); adequate provision of accommodation and employment services (e.g., hours, duty, human support); employer and employee attitudes (e.g., aware of work strengths and limitations, not considering the person disadvantaged because of disability; negative attitudes when looking for employment; ongoing disability information and awareness activities for all employees; satisfactory treatment for employees); adequate job information, training and experience (advice on alternative employment; individualized training based on needs, studies, professional experience, interests and availability; skills training to find and keep a job; individual guidance to map out potential professional pathways; assessment and guidance on job options tailored to needs profile; presence of support persons to mediate with the company; tracking recruitment to make adjustments); employment as a way to meet people and friends; work-life balance measures (i.e., childcare while they work). • Article 28 (adequate standard of living and social protection): 10 studies [8,40,43,47,53,54,59,66,67,69] specify personal outcomes or indicators associated with this Article: financial independence (adequate subsistence base); sufficient financial income to access housing (housing affordability); safe, accessible and suitable housing; aid to cover the additional expenses of supports and specialist care (economic support); having the necessary assistive products for environment and self-care (knowledge and awareness about them; customized); personal assistant when needed; leisure activities in people's home (e.g., listening to the radio, playing instruments, being at home with friends); saving and budgeting (including for holidays); satisfaction with income; assistance with managing money and budgeting; receiving disability benefits (not losing benefits for being employed); easing bureaucracy involved in getting personal assistance and personal budgets; flexibility of support funded; provision of social assistance when needed; existence of personal budgets/personal assistance schemes and awareness of these by people with disability; stability of funding over time; strong supportive legislation.…”