Access Separation at Interchanges: Examining Crash Rates on the Cross-Street and in the Transition Areas from Full to Partial Access Control

Abstract

Access control remains an important concern to roadway agencies as the spacing of at-grade access points significantly affects both the safety and operational performance of highways. Significant variability exists with respect to policies dictating where the first access points may occur in the vicinity of interchanges. This study examines two important spacing criteria, which include: (1) the distance from the freeway off-ramp to the first access on the interchanging arterial roadway; and (2) the distance from a freeway on-ramp to the first at-grade intersection in areas with partial access control. To investigate these relationships, a series of crash prediction models were estimated that examined how crash risk changed with respect to access spacing while controlling for the effects of traffic volume and other pertinent characteristics. The results illustrate that at cross-streets near ramp terminal intersections, the crash rate generally increases as the distance to the nearest access point decreases. The same trend was also true of freeway transition areas. Ultimately, this research illustrates a complex relationship that exists among the proximity of the exit point of the controlled access facility and the adjacent access point, the volume of traffic along the roadway, and the volume of traffic at the access point.

Examining Safety on Two-Lane and Multilane Highways in Consideration of Access Spacing

“…Previous research has examined access spacing issues in Iowa as they relate to corner clearance at intersections ( 11 ), the location of the first crossroad driveway following the point of ramp bifurcation ( 12 ), and the distance from the previous on-ramp to the first at-grade intersection ( 12 ). While the existing policy provides some quantitative guidance, there is still significant variability in the degree of access control that is maintained.…”