“…In addition, as a megalopolis in the process of rapid urbanization, urban development and planning and major infrastructure construction, the related policies of functional dispersal from the central city could have significant impacts on the formation and evolution of land use patterns in Beijing. Now, many LULC models, for instance generic urban models [54], the TIGRIS XL model [49] and the SILENT (the Sustainable Infrastructure, Land-Use, Environment and Transport) model [55], have transformed some policies, such as infrastructure or land use zoning, into spatial parameters in simulating and predicting land use demand, so this can help decision makers to anticipate the impacts of the proposed policy. However, in this study, we do not consider the effects of various policy factors in the simulation process.…”