Accessible Water on Mars and the Moon

The initial responses of hot liquid water released under low atmospheric pressures: Experimental insights

“…Underground reservoirs of aqueous liquid, overlain by a cryosphere of rock and water-ice, probably exist in the crust of Mars at depths of several kilometers (Clifford, 1993;Coleman and Dinwiddie, 2005;Gulick, 1998;Rapp et al, 2006). The subsurface aquifers and mechanisms of release of the water from depth to the surface have been reviewed by Burr et al (2009).…”

Capitales fédérales et institutions culturelles nationales. Leçons pour Bruxelles des exemples de Berlin, Brasilia, Canberra et Ottawa

“…Dans l'ensemble, ils obtiennent moins de deux pour cent du budget culturel annuel que le service de la culture du Sénat de Berlin consacre au financement de projets [Merkel, 2016]. L'on peut se demander si la valorisation (inter)nationale de la ville ne se fait pas au détriment de sa vie culturelle locale [Rapp, 2012 ;Anheier, Merkel et Winkler, 2021 : 27] 6 . D'autres voix critiques s'élèvent des autres Länder de l'État fédéral allemand.…”

Characterizing the Physical and Thermal Properties of Planetary Regolith at Low Temperatures

“…If the subsurface of a planetary body is divided into a warmer upper layer of dry porous regolith on top of a lower cold layer of regolith containing pores that can be filled with ice, then the thermal inertia in the lower layer can be many times greater than the upper layer due to the higher thermal conductivity of icy regolith (Rapp 2006). As gaseous volatiles in the atmosphere enter the pores of the granular top surface of regolith, gas molecules will diffuse into the regolith until they reach the ice table at the temperature and pressure at which solid ice begins to form.…”