Accidental chlorpromazine ingestion as a cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in children

Klein, Susan K.; Levinsohn, Morris W.; Blumer, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80207-9

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…NMS has been reported after a single neuroleptic dose (Klein et al 1985) as well as during the course of extended neuroleptic administration. Almost all (83%) reported preschoolers (^5 years) were diagnosed with NMS after a single dose of neuroleptic.…”

Section: Review Of 49 Cases Of Juvenile Nmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Two Case Reports and a Warning

Latz¹,

McCracken²

1992

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal disorder associated with the use of neuroleptics. Clinical research on NMS to date has focused exclusively on adults, but increasing numbers of juvenile cases have been reported. Two cases of juvenile NMS treated by the authors are discussed to demonstrate early warning signs, possible contributory factors, and effective treatment strategies. Forty-nine reported cases of NMS in children and adolescents are then reviewed in order to assess frequency, possible risk factors, predictors of poor outcome, and effective treatment. The most common diagnosis is schizophrenia (35%) followed by bipolar disease (12%), schizoaffective disorder (8%), and mental retardation (8%). Over half the reported cases involve treatment with high potency neuroleptics (57%), compared to only 14% with low potency neuroleptics. The death rate in patients 18 years or younger is 16%. In adolescent patients, the death rate is 13%; this rate increases to 27% in patients 12 years or younger. A recent adult study, by contrast, estimates a mortality rate of only 4%. We conclude that NMS in children, may be underdiagnosed, and that failure to diagnose may contribute to relatively high juvenile mortality rates.

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Section: Review Of 49 Cases Of Juvenile Nmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Two Case Reports and a Warning

Latz¹,

McCracken²

1992

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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“…Nine fatalities in children up to 18 years of age have been published in the literature since 1960. 13,17,[27][28][29] Five pediatric fatalities were reported to AAPCC from 1984 to 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8] These reports have addressed the toxicity associated with these drugs when used as antiemetics 8 or cough syrups in children, 3 and their possible association with sudden infant death syndrome. 4,6 Other publications have been single case reports [9][10][11] or small case series [12][13][14][15] describing the presentation of phenothiazine and butyrophenone ingestions. The largest series of poisonings published over the last 2 decades described 24 unintentional pediatric cases of haloperidol poisoning in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenothiazine, Butyrophenone, and Other Psychotropic Medication Poisonings in Children and Adolescents

James

Abel

Wilkinson

et al. 2000

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

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“…Klein et al reported on two toddlers who developed NMS after ingestion of chlorpromazine (59). A 2 ½-year-old developed NMS and died after ingesting an unknown amount of her grandmother's chlorpromazine.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are one or two dangerous? Phenothiazine exposure in toddlers

Love

Smith

Simmons

2006

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Accidental chlorpromazine ingestion as a cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in children

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Two Case Reports and a Warning

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Two Case Reports and a Warning

Phenothiazine, Butyrophenone, and Other Psychotropic Medication Poisonings in Children and Adolescents

Are one or two dangerous? Phenothiazine exposure in toddlers

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