Accounting for Contemporary Antisemitism: A Four-Dimensional Framework and a New Dataset

Abstract

Research on contemporary antisemitism is fragmented. Existing empirical studies tend to focus on a single dimension of the phenomenon or a specific national or ideological context. This article advances an integrated perspective on contemporary antisemitism by pulling together and descriptively reviewing several sets of cross-national data shedding light on patterns and trends within three key dimensions: antisemitic attitudes, incidents targeting Jews, and Jews' exposure to antisemitism. It is found that (1) attitudes vary considerably, being low in Western countries (yet high for some sub-groups), less low in Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe, and high in Middle Eastern, North African, and other Muslim-majority countries; (2) global incident rates have fluctuated on a relatively high level after 2000; and (3) Jews' exposure to antisemitism appears relatively high and stable over the past decade, with some notable temporal and spatial variation. To account for trends and variations observed in the data, the article proposes several hypotheses that may guide future research and serve as building blocks for middle-range theorizing about contemporary antisemitism.

Understanding and Detecting Hateful Content Using Contrastive Learning

“…They apply their model on Twitter and Gab, finding that multiple screenshots, multi-column text, and texts expressing irony, and sarcasm posed problems for the classifiers. To characterize Antisemitism, Enstad (2021) propose an analytical framework composed of three indicators: Antisemitic attitudes, incidents targeting Jews, and Jew's exposure to Antisemitism. Their results show that attitudes vary by geographic and cultural region and among population sub-groups.…”

Perlawanan Diaspora Yahudi Sulawesi Utara Terhadap Antisemitisme Melalui Museum Holocaust Indonesia

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