Accumulation and fate of C1/C2-chlorocarbons and trichloroacetic acid in spruce needles from an Austrian mountain site

Plümacher, J.; Schröder, Peter

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)90414-6

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mass balances show that the rain is the most important source of TCA in the water cycle. As stated earlier, methyl chloroform and perchloroethene are possible precursors of TCA [4,10,11]. Unfortunately, no conversion rate is known for the reaction of methyl chloroform to TCA, but one can estimate between 1 and 5%, assuming that the aqueous removal lifetime of chloral (see Fig.…”

Section: Possible Reaction Mechanisms For the Formation Of Trichloroamentioning

confidence: 96%

Occurrence, Sources, and Fate of Trichloroacetic Acid in Swiss Waters

Zweifel¹,

Kinnison²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 1996

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The occurrence, sources, and fate of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been investigated in surface waters, ground waters, drinking waters, wastewaters, and rainwater in Switzerland. The concentrations found in surface waters varied between less than 27 ng/L (limit of quantification) and 340 ng/L, whereas the concentrations in ground water were always below 27 ng/L. It was found that the main sources of TCA in surface waters were the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (average concentration, 430 ng/L; range, 40-1060 ng/L). The average TCA concentration in rainwater was 300 ng/L range, (Ͻ27-900 ng/L). A dynamic mathematical model revealed that TCA is not significantly degraded in a lake (half-life Ͼ230 d). A detailed mass balance in the catchment area of a small lake (Greifensee) and a very rough mass balance over Switzerland indicate that rain is the major source of TCA in Switzerland (Ͼ90%), but they also show that about 60 to 80% of the TCA deposited by rain is eliminated, most probably in the soil.

show abstract

Section: Possible Reaction Mechanisms For the Formation Of Trichloroamentioning

confidence: 96%

Occurrence, Sources, and Fate of Trichloroacetic Acid in Swiss Waters

Zweifel¹,

Kinnison²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 1996

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As stated earlier, methyl chloroform and perchloroethene are possible precursors of TCA [4,10,11]. Unfortunately, no conversion rate is known for the reaction of methyl chloroform to TCA, but one can estimate between 1 and 5%, assuming that the aqueous removal lifetime of chloral (see Fig.…”

Section: Possible Reaction Mechanisms For the Formation Of Trichloroamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Finally, it has been assumed that TCA found in rainwater stems from photochemical transformation reactions of chlorinated compounds such as methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) and perchloroethene in the atmosphere [4,10,11]. Hypothetical mechanisms for TCA formation have been suggested using perchloroethene as a starting material [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, sources, and fate of trichloroacetic acid in swiss waters

Müller

Zweifel

Kinnison

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The occurrence, sources, and fate of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been investigated in surface waters, ground waters, drinking waters, wastewaters, and rainwater in Switzerland. The concentrations found in surface waters varied between less than 27 ng/L (limit of quantification) and 340 ng/L, whereas the concentrations in ground water were always below 27 ng/L. It was found that the main sources of TCA in surface waters were the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (average concentration, 430 ng/L; range, 40-1060 ng/L). The average TCA concentration in rainwater was 300 ng/L range, (Ͻ27-900 ng/L). A dynamic mathematical model revealed that TCA is not significantly degraded in a lake (half-life Ͼ230 d). A detailed mass balance in the catchment area of a small lake (Greifensee) and a very rough mass balance over Switzerland indicate that rain is the major source of TCA in Switzerland (Ͼ90%), but they also show that about 60 to 80% of the TCA deposited by rain is eliminated, most probably in the soil.

show abstract

“…Haloacetic acids have been found in various environments such as rain water [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], river water [9,19,20], and conifer needles [15,16,21,22]. The haloacetic acids released from industrial wastewater, river water, and rain water may accumulate in semienclosed water bodies such as Tokyo Bay, Japan, an area that is highly eutrophic and polluted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, sources, and stability of haloacetic acids in Tokyo Bay, Japan

Hashimoto

Azuma

Otsuki

1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The distribution and sources of haloacetic acids in seawater in the vicinity of Tokyo Bay, Japan, were investigated, in view of the potential toxicity of these compounds to aquatic organisms. Haloacetic acids were extracted from water samples collected at 66 sampling stations (n ϭ 122). Concentrations of all nine haloacetic acids containing bromine and chlorine were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that concentrations of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) were high (maximum: 20.3 g/L) compared to those of the other haloacetic acids in coastal seawater. The distributions and relative concentrations of TCAA and other haloacetic acids (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and bromochloroacetic acid) suggest that their sources are not identical; discharge of wastewaters containing TCAA in the bay area is probably one of the main sources of the observed high concentrations of TCAA in seawater there. The mean concentrations of haloacetic acids in water samples and the results of incubation experiments of haloacetic acids in river water and seawater suggest that TCAA is relatively stable in the aquatic environment.

show abstract

Accumulation and fate of C1/C2-chlorocarbons and trichloroacetic acid in spruce needles from an Austrian mountain site

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Occurrence, Sources, and Fate of Trichloroacetic Acid in Swiss Waters

Occurrence, Sources, and Fate of Trichloroacetic Acid in Swiss Waters

Occurrence, sources, and fate of trichloroacetic acid in swiss waters

Distribution, sources, and stability of haloacetic acids in Tokyo Bay, Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About