Accumulation of antibacterial sesquiterpenoids in bacterially inoculatedGossypium leaves and cotyledons

Essenberg, Margaret; Grover, P.; Cover, Ellen C.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(90)80166-e

Cited by 62 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…4). These latter compounds are produced in cotton leaves in response to infection by Xanthomonas campestris (Essenberg et al, 1990). This indicates that cotton probably produces a unique 2,7-dihydroxycadalene-OMT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Purification and Characterization ofS-Adenosyl-l-Methionine: Desoxyhemigossypol-6-O-Methyltransferase from Cotton Plants. An Enzyme Capable of Methylating the Defense Terpenoids of Cotton

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cotton contains a unique group of terpenoids including desoxyhemigossypol, hemigossypol, gossypol, hemigossypolone, and the heliocides that are part of the plant's defense system against pathogenic fungi and insects. Desoxyhemigossypol is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of these compounds. We have isolated, purified, and characterized from cotton stele tissue infected with Verticillium dahliae a methyltransferase (S-adenosyl-L-Met: desoxyhemigossypol-6-O-methyltransferase) that specifically methylates the 6-position of desoxyhemigossypol to form desoxyhemigossypol-6-methyl ether with a K m value of 4.5 M for desoxyhemigossypol and a K cat /K m of 5.08 ؋ 10 4 s ؊1 (mol/L) ؊1. The molecular mass of the native enzyme is 81.4 kD and is dissociated into two subunits of 41.2 kD on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. The enzymatic reaction does not require Mg ؉2 and is inhibited 98% with 10 mM p-chloromercuribenzoate. Desoxyhemigossypol-6-methyl ether leads to the biosynthesis of methylated hemigossypol, gossypol, hemigossypolone, and the heliocides, which lowers their effectiveness as phytoalexins and insecticides.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Purification and Characterization ofS-Adenosyl-l-Methionine: Desoxyhemigossypol-6-O-Methyltransferase from Cotton Plants. An Enzyme Capable of Methylating the Defense Terpenoids of Cotton

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cotton plants accumulate gossypol and related sesquiterpenoids in pigment glands as a defense against pathogens and herbivores. The majority of cotton sesquiterpenoids are derived from a common precursor, (+)-δ-cadinene, which is synthesized by A r t i c l e s (+)-δ-cadinene synthase (CDN) via cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate, in the first committed step in gossypol biosynthesis 32,33 . Previously, both CDN-A and CDN-C were reported to encode the proposed enzyme activity 34 .…”

Section: Gossypol Biosynthesis Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The draft genome of a diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cotton is one of the most economically important crop plants worldwide. Its fiber, commonly known as cotton lint, is the principal natural source for the textile industry. Approximately 33 million ha (5% of the world's arable land) is used for cotton planting 1 , with an annual global market value of textile mills of approximately $630.6 billion in 2011 (MarketPublishers; see URLs). Apart from its economic value, cotton is also an excellent model system for studying polyploidization, cell elongation and cell wall biosynthesis 2-5 .The Gossypium genus contains 5 tetraploid (AD 1 to AD 5 , 2n = 4×) and over 45 diploid (2n = 2×) species (where n is the number of chromosomes in the gamete of an individual), which are believed to have originated from a common ancestor approximately 5-10 million years ago 6 . Eight diploid subgenomes, designated as A to G and K, have been found across North America, Africa, Asia and Australia. The haploid genome size of diploid cottons (2n = 2× = 26) varies from about 880 Mb (G. raimondii Ulbrich) in the D genome to 2,500 Mb in the K genome 7,8 . Diploid cotton species share a common chromosome number (n = 13), and high levels of synteny or colinearity are observed among them 9-12 . The tetraploid cotton species (2n = 4× = 52), such as G. hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L., are thought to have formed by an allopolyploidization event that occurred approximately 1-2 million years ago, which involved a D-genome species as the pollen-providing parent and an A-genome species as the maternal parent 13,14 . To gain insights into the cultivated polyploid genomes-how they have evolved and how their subgenomes interact-it is first necessary to have a basic knowledge of the structure of the component genomes. Therefore, we have created a draft sequence of the putative D-genome parent, G. raimondii, using DNA samples prepared from Cotton Microsatellite Database (CMD) 10 (refs. 15,16), a genetic standard originated from a single seed (accession D 5 -3) in 2004 and brought to near homozygosity by six successive generations of self-fertilization. We believe that sequencing of the G. raimondii genome will not only provide a major source of candidate genes important for the genetic improvement of cotton quality and productivity, but it may also serve as a reference for the assembly of the tetraploid G. hirsutum genome. RESULTS Sequencing and assemblyA whole-genome shotgun strategy was used to sequence and assemble the G. raimondii genome. A total of 78.7 Gb of next-generation Illumina paired-end 50-bp, 100-bp and 150-bp reads was generated by sequencing genome shotgun libraries of different fragment lengths (170 bp, 250 bp, 500 bp, 800 bp, 2 kb, 5 kb, 10 kb, 20 kb and 40 kb) that covered 103.6-fold of the 775.2-Mb assembled G. raimondii genome (Supplementary Table 1). The resulting assembly appeared to cover a very large proportion of the euchromatin of the G. raimondii genome. The unassembled genomic regions are likely to contain heterochromatic satellites, large repetitive sequences or ribosoma...

show abstract

“…In cotton plants, biosynthesis of sesquiterpene phytoalexins could be induced by fungal and bacterial infection or other environmental stimuli (Bell and Stipanovic, 1977;Bell, 1986;Essenberg et al, 1990). Formation of gossypol and related sesquiterpene aldehydes is also developmentally regulated, and these secondary metabolites accumulate in pigmented glands of aerial tissues and in epidermal and subepidermal cells of roots (Bell and Stipanovic, 1977;Halloin and Bell, 1979;Meng et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of GaWRKY1, a Cotton Transcription Factor That Regulates the Sesquiterpene Synthase Gene (+)-δ-Cadinene Synthase-A

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cotton (+)-δ-cadinene synthase (CAD1), a sesquiterpene cyclase, catalyzes a branch-point step leading to biosynthesis of sesquiterpene phytoalexins, including gossypol. CAD1-A is a member of CAD1 gene family, and its promoter contains a W-box palindrome with two reversely oriented TGAC repeats, which are the proposed binding sites of WRKY transcription factors. We isolated several WRKY cDNAs from Gossypium arboreum. One of them, GaWRKY1, encodes a protein containing a single WRKY domain and a putative N-terminal Leu zipper. Similar to genes encoding enzymes of cotton sesquiterpene pathway, GaWRKY1 was down-regulated in a glandless cotton cultivar that contained much less gossypol. GaWRKY1 showed a temporal and spatial pattern of expression comparable to that of CAD1-A in various aerial organs examined, including sepal, stigma, anther, and developing seeds. In suspension cells, expression of both GaWRKY1 and CAD1-A genes and biosynthesis of sesquiterpene aldehydes were strongly induced by a fungal elicitor preparation and methyl jasmonate. GaWRKY1 interacted with the 3× W-box derived from CAD1-A promoter in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) one-hybrid system and in vitro. Furthermore, in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, overexpression of GaWRKY1 highly activated the CAD1-A promoter, and transient assay in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves demonstrated that W-box was required for this activation. These results suggest that GaWRKY1 participates in regulation of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in cotton, and CAD1-A is a target gene of this transcription factor.

show abstract

Accumulation of antibacterial sesquiterpenoids in bacterially inoculatedGossypium leaves and cotyledons

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Purification and Characterization ofS-Adenosyl-l-Methionine: Desoxyhemigossypol-6-O-Methyltransferase from Cotton Plants. An Enzyme Capable of Methylating the Defense Terpenoids of Cotton

Purification and Characterization ofS-Adenosyl-l-Methionine: Desoxyhemigossypol-6-O-Methyltransferase from Cotton Plants. An Enzyme Capable of Methylating the Defense Terpenoids of Cotton

The draft genome of a diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii

Characterization of GaWRKY1, a Cotton Transcription Factor That Regulates the Sesquiterpene Synthase Gene (+)-δ-Cadinene Synthase-A

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About