Accumulation of N, P, and K in the tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. andigena) under contrasting soils of the Andean region of Colombia

Abstract

The relationship between tuber growth and demand for NPK in andigena group of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. andigena) is poorly documented under conditions of the Andean region of Colombia. It is necessary to establish a specific nutrient management for high yields to changes in edaphic-environmental supply and improve the production of Capiro and Supreme cultivars. Twelve treatments were evaluated at different stages (75-100-125-150 days after planting) of tuber growth using a repeated measures design with three factors: two cultivars (Capiro, Suprema); three locations with contrasting soils (Subachoque, Facatativá, and Choconta) and two levels of fertilization, F0 (unfertilized) and F1 (fertilized) of incomplete nature by differential fertilization by soil type. A positive correlation between fresh weight, dry weight and extraction of N, P and K (kg ha-1) by the tubers, beside harvest extraction index (HEI) was determined. Under optimal conditions of fertilization significant differences (P<0.001) between factor interactions cultivar x phenology x location for accumulation of N and P were detected, where Suprema was less demanding in the HEI of N (1,92 kg t-1 harvest) and HEI of P (0.38 kg t-1 harvest) than Capiro and was better adapted to acid soils of low fertility, in contrast the HEI of K Between 5.28 and 5.34 kg t-1 harvest did not show differences between cultivars due to the genotypic characteristics in the accumulation of dry biomass and starch that make them suitable for industrial use, in addition it was verified that the nutritional extraction depends on the genetic potential determined by the interaction with the environmental and edaphic supply.

Partition of biomass and nitrogen in a potato crop under three nitrogen fertilization treatments

“…However, the average values of total biomass obtained in this study tend to be lower, even in the high fertilization treatment (400-N). Conversely, biomass accumulation and tuber yield levels in different studies are shown to be much greater when there is a moderate application of nitrogen fertilizer (approximately 180 kg N ha -1 ), even when cultivars grow under fertilization conditions without nitrogen (Van Delden, 2001;Goméz et al 2017;Malta et al 2018). Nevertheless, the same biomass accumulation pattern is present during phenostages when nitrogen supply increases (Van Delden, 2001;Silva et al, 2013).…”

“…The N effect on tuber yield has been well demonstrated (Alva et al, 2002;Maltas et al, 2018). Howe-ver, the potato growth response depends largely on the nitrogen availability in the soil, which may have a considerable effect on the partitioning of assimilates and nitrogen to the different plant organs (Silva et al, 2013;Goméz et al, 2017;Ohamed et al, 2017). This balance of the distribution of biomass and nitrogen to the different compartment may have significant effects on tuber production (Machado & Sarmiento, 2012;Silva et al, 2013).…”

Efecto del termofosfato sobre el crecimiento y producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)

“…Las hojas absorben la luz y realizan el intercambio gaseoso, funciones que requieren una presencia activa del fósforo. Según Gómez et al (2017), la nutrición con P genera un aumento de la masa y volumen de las raíces, dándose un incremento total de la superficie de adsorción de agua y nutrientes, lo que resulta en un incremento del peso fresco de la parte aérea, resultado que se corrobora con lo observado en la figura 2A.…”

Distribución de fotoasimilados en los órganos vertederos de plantas Solanaceas, caso tomate y papa. Una revisión

“…La disponibilidad de nutrientes regula la relación de los órganos fuente/vertedero y por tanto afecta la distribución de los fotoasimilados y productividad del cultivo de papa (Li et a., 2016;Gómez et al, 2017;Grzebisz et al, 2020). Lo anterior fue corroborado en plantas con deficiencias en nitrógeno, dado que estas condiciones redujeron significativamente el área foliar, y por tanto las tasas fotosintéticas de las plantas, lo que conllevo a disminuir el suministro de los fotoasimilados por los órganos fuente hacia los órganos vertederos y de esta manera, se tuvo limitaciones en los rendimientos de los cultivos (Li et al, 2016).…”

“…También, se ha reportado que disminuciones o excesos de nitrógeno en la fertilización del cultivo de papa, puede afectar la partición de fotoasimilados, principalmente por reducción del crecimiento del dosel ocasionando senescencia prematura de las hojas y disminución de la translocación de los fotoasimilados en etapas de llenado. Así mismo, se mencionan reducciones en las tasas fotosintéticas, en la superficie total de la hoja y en el número y peso de los tubérculos (Ruža et al, 2013;Gómez et al, 2017).…”