Accumulation of Platinum Group Elements in Hydrogenous Fe–Mn Crust and Nodules from the Southern Atlantic Ocean

Berezhnaya, E. D.; Дубинин, А. В.; Rimskaya-Korsakova, M. N.; Safin, Timur H.

doi:10.3390/min8070275

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus, Pt 2+ is enriched and oxidized to Pt 4+ in hydrogenetic MnO 2 through oxidative substitution and forms Mn-O-Pt bonds [31,61]. The positive relations between Pt and other redox-sensitive elements (Co, Ce and Tl) were shown, which reflect similar behavior driven by oxidative interaction [4,31,95,178]. As for electro-chemically favored Fe phase, simple electro-driven adsorption and co-precipitation were suggested for Pt enrichments as no oxidation of Pt was observed on Fe phase [31].…”

Section: Platinum Group Elementsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Previous studies have sufficiently determined the association of PGEs with water depths, growth rates and regional characterizations. The negative PGE correlations with the growth rates and the water depths were examined as influencing factors to form higher PGE enrichments [176][177][178][179][180][181].…”

Section: Platinum Group Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Platinum is the most highly investigated and the most enriched PGE in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules [31,93,175,178]. Pt has been described to be negatively correlated to water depths and the growth rates of the Fe-Mn adsorbents, as slow-growing Fe-Mn crusts in shallower depths contain relatively higher Pt [4,93].…”

Section: Platinum Group Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enrichment Characteristics and Mechanisms of Critical Metals in Marine Fe-Mn Crusts and Nodules: A Review

Huang,

2023

Minerals

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Marine Co-rich ferromanganese crusts and polymetallic nodules, which are widely distributed in oceanic environments, are salient potential mineral resources that are enriched with many critical metals. Many investigations have achieved essential progress and findings regarding critical metal enrichment in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules. This study systematically reviews the research findings of previous investigations and elaborates in detail on the enrichment characteristics, enrichment processes and mechanisms and the influencing factors of the critical metals enriched in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules. The influencing factors of critical metal enrichments in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules mainly include the growth rate, water depth, post-depositional phosphatization and structural uptake of adsorbents. The major enrichment pathways of critical metals in marine Fe-Mn (oxy)hydroxides are primarily as follows: direct substitution on the surface of δ-MnO2 for Ni, Cu, Zn and Li; oxidative substitution on the δ-MnO2 surface for Co, Ce and Tl; partition between Mn and Fe phases through surface complexation according to electro-species attractiveness for REY (except for Ce), Cd, Mo, W and V; combined Mn-Fe phases enrichment for seawater anionic Te, Pt, As and Sb, whose low-valence species are mostly oxidatively enriched on δ-MnO2, in addition to electro-chemical adsorption onto FeOOH, while high-valence species are likely structurally incorporated by amorphous FeOOH; and dominant sorption and incorporation by amorphous FeOOH for Ti and Se. The coordination preferences of critical metals in the layered and tunneled Mn oxides are primarily as follows: metal incorporations in the layer/tunnel-wall for Co, Ni and Cu; triple-corner-sharing configurations above the structural vacancy for Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Tl; double-corner-sharing configurations for As, Sb, Mo, W, V and Te; edge-sharing configurations at the layer rims for corner-sharing metals when they are less competitive in taking up the corner-sharing position or under less oxidizing conditions when the metals are less feasible for reactions with layer vacancy; and hydrated interlayer or tunnel-center sorption for Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Tl and Li. The major ore-forming elements (e.g., Co, Ni, Cu and Zn), rare earth elements and yttrium, platinum-group elements, dispersed elements (e.g., Te, Tl, Se and Cd) and other enriched critical metals (e.g., Li, Ti and Mo) in polymetallic nodules and Co-rich Fe-Mn crusts of different geneses have unique and varied enrichment characteristics, metal occurrence states, enrichment processes and enrichment mechanisms. This review helps to deepen the understanding of the geochemical behaviors of critical metals in oceanic environments, and it also bears significance for understanding the extreme enrichment and mineralization of deep-sea critical metals.

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