Accumulation Pattern of Inorganic Elements in Scaly Tooth Mushroom (Sarcodon imbricatus) from Northern Poland

Abstract

Several studies have documented contamination levels and daily intake of metallic elements from foodstuffs including rice, maize, pulses, vegetables, fruits, fish, meat, egg, milk etc., however, limited literature is available on metal contamination levels in wild growing mushrooms and possible human exposure via consumption of it. Sarcodon imbricatus is an edible mushroom, commonly consumed in many parts of the world. Very few studies have been conducted on inorganic elemental composition in fruiting bodies (edible part) of this fungus. In this study, elements such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co,) chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), phosphorous (P), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) were measured in caps and stems of fruiting bodies of S. imbricatus collected from the Wdzydze forests in Central and the Augustowska Primeval forest in Eastern Poland. Results revealed that a wide variation in concentrations of various metals in caps and stems samples collected from the two forests. Toxic metallic elements such as Cd and Hg showed preferential accumulation in caps than stems samples from both the forests. However, the concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in the mushroom samples were below the established weekly intake tolerance limits.

Lithiation of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) using lithium-fortified substrate: effect of fortification levels on Li uptake and on other trace elements

“…It is distributed at around a twofold greater concentration in the caps than in the stems of the fruiting bodies, e.g. the reported mean was 780 ± 230 (median 750 and range 330 to 1200) mg kg −1 dw in the caps of S. imbricatus (Saba et al 2020 ), and ranged from 330 ± 200 to 410 ± 110 mg kg −1 dw (total range 120 to 760 mg kg −1 dw) in the caps of L. scabrum (Mędyk et al 2020 ). Despite its relative abundance in fungal fruiting bodies, Rb is not considered as an essential element in fungi.…”

Mineral Composition of Three Popular Wild Mushrooms from Poland

“…To understand the role of soil geochemistry and soil pollution in accumulation of minerals in mushrooms fruiting bodies several studies have been conducted in Europe [ 56 , 57 , 58 ]. A few recent ones have shown that edible mushrooms growing in unpolluted areas can accumulate Cd and Hg at much higher levels as in soil substrate, while some species hyper accumulate As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the mining and geo-anomalous areas [ 22 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Research conducted by Pająk (2016) [ 53 ], who analyzed fungi collected from the Świerklaniec Forest District, located near a metallurgical plant, which is (Huta Cynku “Miasteczko Śląskie” (HCMŚ)) confirmed the high accumulation of metals, including Zn mushrooms growing in highly polluted areas, and thus the possibility of using it as a bioindicator of the degree of contamination of the natural environment with heavy metals.…”

Scandium, yttrium, and lanthanide occurrence in Cantharellus cibarius and C. minor mushrooms

“…The mycelium absorbs various elements, including REE and toxic elements (e.g., As, Cd, and Hg) from soil and other substrates (with varying absorption rates) and then translocates these to fruiting bodies or the sclerotia (Andersson et al 2018 ; Saba et al 2020 ; Tyler 1982 ; Yoshida and Muramatsu 1997 ; Zhang et al 2022 ). Bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a parameter used to quantify the potential of organism to bioconcentrate mineral constituents in abiotic relationships, e.g., macromycete–soil.…”