Mineral Composition of Three Popular Wild Mushrooms from Poland

Abstract

The region of Warmia and Mazury is characterized by the special diversity and richness of its natural environment, including large forest complexes, where wild mushrooms are commonly collected and consumed. This study aimed to examine the differences in mineral content (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese) of three species of mushrooms collected in north-eastern Poland. The research material consisted of dried samples of king bolete (Boletus edulis), bay bolete (Boletus badius), and chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) collected in the region of Warmia and Mazury. The content of the above-mentioned elements in mushroom fruit bodies was determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (acetylene-air flame) and the emission technique (acetylene-air flame) for sodium and potassium. For the majority of micro- and macroelements, the studies confirmed the presence of significant differences in their content, depending on the species of fungi. The studied mushrooms cover a significant percentage of daily demand for many of the minerals. This concerns mainly copper, zinc, and potassium, although none of the species was a good source of calcium and sodium. Among the analyzed mushrooms, chanterelle is the best source of most minerals.

Dried Wild-Grown Mushrooms Can Be Considered a Source of Selected Minerals

“…The mean concentration of Fe in X. badius recorded by Kuziemska et al, was 109 mg/kg, which is higher than our results in this mushrooms species [37]. We also established that the standard portion of these mushrooms fulfilled 4.5% of the DRI for Fe (maximum 13.6%) and these findings are consistent with the literature data (6.79-12.2%) [32].…”

“…In our study, we found that the concentration of Ca in B. edulis was 79.9 mg/kg and 56.8 mg/kg in X. badius. The results we obtained are close to those of Gałgowska and Pietrzak-Fiećko, who detected 75.3 mg/kg of Ca in B. edulis [32]. However, the content of Ca in B. edulis in our study was lower than that recorded by Brzezicha-Cirocka et al, (110-300 mg/kg) [33].…”

“…In X. badius, we detected 20.6 mg/kg of Mn, i.e., nearly 10 times more than Kuziemska et al [37]. We determined that a standard portion of B. edulis covered 2.98% of the DRI for Mn (maximum value: nearly 5%)-less than reported by Gałkowska and Pietrzak-Fiećko, who claimed that a portion of B. edulis covered from 12.3 to 15.7% of the daily requirement for Mn [32].…”

“…Consumption of a standard portion of X. badius covered more than 5% of the DRI for Zn (maximum value: nearly 10%), whereas B. edulis provided only 2.6% of the reference amount of Zn (maximum 4.4%). Even higher values were obtained by other researchers, who claimed that B. edulis provided 35.8-49.2% of the Daily Demand Coverage (DDC) [32].…”

Biopreservation of Wild Edible Mushrooms (Boletus edulis, Cantharellus, and Rozites caperata) with Lactic Acid Bacteria Possessing Antimicrobial Properties

“…B. edulis mushrooms are a good source of bioactive molecules, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds [ 18 ]. C. cibarius are rich in potassium and vitamins D and C [ 19 ] and show desirable properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antiviral effects, etc. [ 20 ].…”