Accuracy of Body Mass Index and Obesity Status in Police Trainees

Stojković, Miloš; Heinrich, Katie M.; Čvorović, Aleksandar; Jeknic, Velimir; Greco, Gianpiero; Kukić, Filip

doi:10.3390/ejihpe12010004

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Border guard officers were more likely to have excess fat mass than soldiers from Poland [9] (39% vs. 19%), while the average BMI value was more similar (26.6 vs. 25.6 kg/m 2 ). High prevalence of uniformed force officers with overweight or obesity was also observed in other studies, i.e., among police officers [21,48], soldiers [9,19,20,[22][23][24][25], and firefighters [49]. However, it must be highlighted that using only the BMI classification to verify overweight or obesity, especially in physically active groups may be incorrect due to usual extensive muscle mass [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Association between Diet, Physical Activity and Nutritional Status of Male Border Guard Officers

Anyżewska¹,

Łakomy

Lepionka

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The main factors that determine the effectiveness and reliability of duties and tasks performed by border guard officers, are very good health and maintaining a high level of psychophysical fitness that depend mainly on adequate diet and physical activity and thus, nutritional status. The aim of the study was to verify the correlations between dietary habits, physical activity level and selected nutritional status indicators. One hundred and sixty-nine male border guard officers participated in the study. A 61-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary habits and a long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical activity. Fat mass was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bone calcification was assessed by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Many correlations between dietary habits, as well as the physical activity of officers and body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and visceral fat level (VFL) were found, while bone mineral density (BMD T-score) negatively correlated only with two food groups and 6 out of 61 products but did not correlate with physical activity. The results also confirmed many poor dietary habits and abnormalities in nutritional status. Thus, there is a need for nutritional education and further monitoring of health-related behaviors, as well as monitoring the nutritional status of border guard officers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Association between Diet, Physical Activity and Nutritional Status of Male Border Guard Officers

Anyżewska¹,

Łakomy

Lepionka

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…For obesity, different ranges of body fat percentage (27–38%) were used [ 37 – 42 ] except for one study [ 36 ] which used BMI as diagnostic criteria. The percentage of body fat index (PBF) has been considered as a more accurate standard than BMI to determine being overweight or obese because it measures body fat directly and BMI does not always reflect the true body fat in our body [ 54 ]. This distinction is particularly significant for sarcopenic elderly individuals, who often exhibit low muscle mass and high body fat while maintaining a seemingly normal BMI [ 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits and side effects of protein supplementation and exercise in sarcopenic obesity: A scoping review

Cheah,

Cheah

2023

Nutr J

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Background Protein supplements have been widely used among those who are struggling with sarcopenic obesity among older adults. However, despite their popularity, there is still a lack of concrete evidence on both the potential benefits and side effects of protein supplementation and exercise on sarcopenic obesity (SO). Objective Thus, we aimed to determine the impacts of protein supplementation and exercise in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. Method A systematic database search was conducted for randomised controlled trials, quasi experimental study and pre-post study design addressing the effects of protein supplementation in improving sarcopenic obesity among older adults. This scoping review was conducted based on PRISMA-Scr guidelines across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. To assess record eligibility, two independent reviewers performed a rigorous systematic screening process. Results Of the 1,811 citations identified, 7 papers met the inclusion criteria. Six studies were randomised controlled trials and one study was a pre-post test study design. The majority of studies discussed the use of both protein supplements and exercise training. The included studies prescribed protein intake ranging from 1.0 to 1.8 g/kg/BW/day for the intervention group, while the duration of exercise performed ranged from 2 to 3 times per week, with each session lasting for 1 hour. Whey protein supplementation has been shown to be effective in improving sarcopenic conditions and weight status in SO individuals. The combination of exercise training especially resistance training and the used of protein supplement provided additional benefits in terms of lean muscle mass as well as biomarkers. The study also revealed a lack of consistency in exercise design among interventions for sarcopenic obesity. Conclusion Overall, it appears to be a promising option for SO individuals to improve their sarcopenic condition and weight status through the combination of resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation. However, it also highlights the need for caution when it comes to high amounts of protein intake prescription. Future research is warranted to investigate the optimal exercise design for this population, given the limited research conducted in this specific area.

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“…Thirty-four sources were included in this report. Thirteen sources reported study findings concerning the validity and/or accuracy of BMI as a measure of obesity [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and are summarized in Table 2; 13 sources reported findings regarding the use of BMI as a surgical cut-off and are summarized in Table 3; [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] 5 reported ethical issues related to BMI [40][41][42][43][44] and are summarized in Table 4; and 3 guidelines were identified describing recommendations related to the use of BMI as a threshold or cut-off in determining eligibility for surgery (summarized in Table 5). [45][46][47] With regard to validity and/or accuracy, most of the included studies either compared BMI to other measures of obesity and/or adiposity, or investigated the effects of BMI cut-offs for surgical eligibility on surgical outcomes.…”

Section: Annotated Reference List Overall Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index as a Measure of Obesity and Cut-Off for Surgical Eligibility

Khangura¹,

Severn²

2022

cjht

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This report sought to identify, list, and annotate sources that reported findings regarding the accuracy and/or validity of body mass index as a measure of obesity or a cut-off for surgical eligibility, including reported ethical issues. A limited literature search was conducted, and 35 eligible sources were selected and annotated. Most studies with relevant findings regarding validity and/or accuracy reported discrepancies between body mass index and other measurements of obesity, or highlighted concerns with current practices that limit surgical eligibility by body mass index for patients who may derive benefit that exceeds the risk of complications. Ethical issues reported included stigma, bias (particularly for racialized people), and the potential for body mass index and its use as a cut-off to create or exacerbate disparities in health care access. The guidelines identified made recommendations for the use of body mass index cut-off(s) for surgical eligibility, generally intended to limit the risk of post-surgical complications. Given the widespread use of body mass index as a measure of obesity and eligibility cut-off for surgical interventions, despite reported discrepancies in accuracy and validity, as well as ethical concerns, further consideration regarding its use is warranted.

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Accuracy of Body Mass Index and Obesity Status in Police Trainees

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Association between Diet, Physical Activity and Nutritional Status of Male Border Guard Officers

Association between Diet, Physical Activity and Nutritional Status of Male Border Guard Officers

Benefits and side effects of protein supplementation and exercise in sarcopenic obesity: A scoping review

Body Mass Index as a Measure of Obesity and Cut-Off for Surgical Eligibility

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