Accuracy of fetal sex determination in the first trimester of pregnancy using 3D virtual reality ultrasound

Bogers, Hein; Rifouna, Maria S.; Koning, Anton H. J.; Husen-Ebbinge, Margreet; Go, Attie T.J.I.; Spek, Peter J. van der; Steegers‐Theunissen, Régine P.M.; Steegers, Eric A.P.; Exalto, N.

doi:10.1002/jcu.22551

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These studies have been motivated by both medical and non-medical reasons, including parental interest in knowing the fetal sex as early and accurately as possible. Currently, almost all structures of the external and internal fetal genitalia have been observed using different imaging techniques (two-dimensional, 3D and Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) 13,14 , and the various processes of differentiation and development have been documented, including testicular descent, urination, erection and masturbation 15,16 . Fetal sex determination is even performed in the early stages of embryo differentiation 17 .…”

Section: Prenatal Diagnosis Of Ambiguous/atypical Genitaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Half a century of scientific literature seems to suggest that we can. From the initial ultrasound scans of Stocker and Evens 12 to the utilization of three‐dimensional (3D) virtual reality in fetal sex determination 13 , numerous studies have been published on the subject. These studies have been motivated by both medical and non‐medical reasons, including parental interest in knowing the fetal sex as early and accurately as possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prenatal ambiguous/atypical genitalia: why are we still missing it and how can we improve diagnosis?

López Soto,

Velasco Martínez,

Ferrández Martínez

et al. 2024

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Section: Prenatal Diagnosis Of Ambiguous/atypical Genitaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal ambiguous/atypical genitalia: why are we still missing it and how can we improve diagnosis?

López Soto,

Velasco Martínez,

Ferrández Martínez

et al. 2024

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…The rate of fetal growth was divided by sex and LMP range (Table 2) across the range [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and [5][6][7] and (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). This study identi es differences in the growth rates of male and female fetuses before and after week 7 of pregnancy.…”

Section: Statistical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities to Estimate the Sex of the Fetus in Very Early Pregnancy

Borowski¹,

Bulsa

Szczepańska-Przekota

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background:Ultrasound examination of pregnant women to assess the anatomy and normal developmental parameters of the fetus has been the standard in obstetrics since the 1980s. There are medical situations in which the doctor overseeing the course of the pregnancy should know the sex of the fetus as early as possible. This is particularly true in the case of suspected cases of serious genetic and sex-linked diseases. Advances in medical diagnostics make it possible to diagnose the sex of the fetus as early in pregnancy as possible. However, some of the diagnostic methods used during this period are associated with risks of complications or high costs, which disqualify them as screening methods. This study is part of the current of research on the importance of physical fetal parameters in estimating fetal sex. Methods: descriptive statistics, regression equations with t-tests and logistic regression model statistics were used. Fetal parameters were analyzed between 5 and 12 weeks of gestation. The sample consisted of 255 pregnant women. Results: On the basis of CRL, FHR, FV and GSV parameters in 255 pregnant women between 5 and 12 weeks of gestation, attempts were made to build models for estimating the sex of the baby. The combination of gestational week (LMP) and fetal parietal length (CRL) gave the most promising, statistically significant results. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of fetal sex is important especially in the context of X-chromosome-related genetic diseases. Such a diagnosis can be made with a sufficiently high probability on the basis of an ultrasound examination and the use of appropriate statistical models.

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“…5). Although it might be a useful tool in conjunction with traditional 2D-ultrasonography for certain questions, its accuracy in sex determination has been shown to be not superior to 2D-ultrasonography in both first and second trimester [31,32].…”

Section: Ultrasound Presentation Of the Fetal External Genitaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical spectrum of female genital malformations in prenatal diagnosis

Mallmann

Gembruch

2022

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Introduction Fetal genital malformations represent a rare and heterogeneous group of congenital malformations of the disorders of sexual development (DSD) spectrum. Methods A thorough literature review on the main topics in the prenatal approach towards DSD was conducted. Results First, a thorough overview on prenatal characteristics of the most common fetal genital malformations of ovaries, uterus and external genitalia, and second, a standardized approach for differential diagnosis in the presence of direct and indirect prenatal signs of DSDs. Conclusions This review is mainly directed towards the aspects of female genital malformations with aspects of male DSD explained as well to aid in the prenatal differential diagnosis.

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Accuracy of fetal sex determination in the first trimester of pregnancy using 3D virtual reality ultrasound

Abstract: Our results indicate that accurate determination of the fetal sex in the first trimester of pregnancy is not possible, even using an advanced 3D US technique.

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Prenatal ambiguous/atypical genitalia: why are we still missing it and how can we improve diagnosis?

Prenatal ambiguous/atypical genitalia: why are we still missing it and how can we improve diagnosis?

Possibilities to Estimate the Sex of the Fetus in Very Early Pregnancy

Clinical spectrum of female genital malformations in prenatal diagnosis

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