Accuracy of Incident Power Density Measured Using Reconstructing Algorithm for Compliance Assessment of Devices in Near-Field at Millimeterwave Frequencies

Sasaki, Kensuke; Li, Kun; Wake, Kanako; Watanabe, Soichi; Higashiyama, Junji; Onishi, Teruo

doi:10.23919/emctokyo.2019.8893716

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In contrast, the highest reconstruction error reported in [20] using the approximate method is about 50.2 % (1.8 dB) for psaPD, and the highest reconstruction error reported in [27] using the combination of source reconstruction and calibration technique is about 67 % (2.2 dB) for point PD. The reconstruction error of psaPD using the pseudo-vector electric field measurement technique reported in [22] is less than 0.5 dB when d ≥ 0.2λ, and the reconstruction error of psaPD using the plane wave expansion technique reported in [25] and [26] is smaller than 0.4 dB when d ≥ 0.2λ. As it is hard to compare the performance for different PD measurement methodologies under different measurement conditions (e.g., different DUT, measurement equipment, and post-processing), the accuracy of the PD assessment using the present EQC method should be considered acceptable in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A two-probe method is applied in [24] to evaluate PD by directly measuring the electric and the magnetic fields. In [25] and [26], the electric field at a relatively far distance is measured with the traditional planar near-field (NF) antenna measurement system, and then plane wave spectrum expansion is applied to compute PD at a closer distance. Based on the solution of an inverse source problem, a PD measurement method was developed in [27] by measuring the amplitude and phase of the electric field, and a novel calibration technique was introduced when measuring very close to the device under test (DUT).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fast Power Density Assessment of 5G Mobile Handset Using Equivalent Currents Method

Scialacqua

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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As the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication is utilizing millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure emitted from a 5G mmWave mobile handset should be evaluated and compliant with the relevant EMF exposure limits in terms of peak spatial-average incident power density. In this work, a fast power density (PD) assessment method for a 5G mmWave mobile handset using the equivalent currents (EQC) method is proposed. The EQC method utilizes the intermediate-field (IF) data collected by a spherical measurement system to reconstruct the EQCs over a reconstruction surface, and then computes the PD in close proximity of the mobile handset with acceptable accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a mmWave mobile handset mock-up equipped with four quasi-Yagi antennas. The assessed PD results are compared with those computed using full-wave simulations and also those measured with a planar near-field (NF) scanning system. In addition, three influencing factors related to the accuracy of the EQC method, namely, the angular resolution, the phase error, and the handset position in the IF measurements, are also analyzed. The proposed method is a good candidate for fast PD assessment of EMF exposure compliance testing in the mmWave frequency range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Power Density Assessment of 5G Mobile Handset Using Equivalent Currents Method

Scialacqua

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, the highest reconstruction error reported in [26] using the combination of source reconstruction and calibration technique is about 67 % (2.2 dB) for point PD. The reconstruction error of psaPD using the pseudo-vector electric field measurement technique reported in [21] is less than 0.5 dB when d ≥ 0.2λ, and the reconstruction error of psaPD using the plane wave expansion technique reported in [24] and [25] is smaller than 0.4 dB when d ≥ 0.2λ. As it is hard to compare the performance for different PD measurement methodologies under different measurement conditions (e.g., different DUT, measurement equipment, and post-processing), the accuracy of the PD assessment using the present EQC method should be considered acceptable in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A two-probe method is applied in [23] to evaluate PD by directly measuring the electric and the magnetic fields. In [24] and [25], the electric field at a relatively far distance is measured with the traditional planar near-field (NF) antenna measurement system, and then plane wave spectrum expansion is applied to compute PD at a closer distance. Based on the solution of an inverse source problem, a PD measurement method was developed in [26] by measuring the magnitude and phase of the electric field, and a novel calibration technique was introduced when measuring very close to the device under test (DUT).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Power Density Assessment of 5G Mobile Handset Using Equivalent Currents Method

Wang¹,

Xu²,

Scialacqua³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<div>As the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication is utilizing millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure emitted from a 5G mmWave mobile handset should be evaluated and compliant with the relevant EMF exposure limits in terms of peak spatial-average incident power density. In this work, a fast power density (PD) assessment method for a 5G mmWave mobile handset using the equivalent currents (EQC) method is proposed. The EQC method utilizes the intermediate-field (IF) data collected by a spherical measurement system to reconstruct the EQCs over a reconstruction surface, and then computes the PD in close proximity of the mobile handset with acceptable accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a mmWave mobile handset mock-up equipped with four quasi-Yagi antennas. The assessed PD results are compared with those computed using full-wave simulations and also those measured with a planar near-field (NF) scanning system. In addition, three influencing factors related to the accuracy of the EQC method, namely, the angular resolution, the phase error, and the handset position in the IF measurements, are also analyzed. The proposed method is a good candidate for fast PD assessment of EMF exposure compliance testing in the mmWave frequency range.</div>

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“…This sensor can image the electric field image at once, but it is difficult to measure the near field for the same reason. Therefore, near-fields cannot be directly imaged, but must be inferred by simulation using data of the electric field measured from a distance [7]. In this method, the simulation time depends on the simulation model resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Band Electro-Optical Imaging System Using Polarization CMOS Image Sensor and Amplified Optical Local Oscillator Source

Okada,

Mizuno,

Nagaoka

et al. 2024

Sensors

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In this study, we developed and demonstrated a millimeter-wave electric field imaging system using an electro-optic crystal and a highly sensitive polarization measurement technique using a polarization image sensor, which was fabricated using a 0.35-µm standard CMOS process. The polarization image sensor was equipped with differential amplifiers that amplified the difference between the 0° and 90° pixels. With the amplifier, the signal-to-noise ratio at low incident light levels was improved. Also, an optical modulator and a semiconductor optical amplifier were used to generate an optical local oscillator (LO) signal with a high modulation accuracy and sufficient optical intensity. By combining the amplified LO signal and a highly sensitive polarization imaging system, we successfully performed millimeter-wave electric field imaging with a spatial resolution of 30×60 µm at a rate of 1 FPS, corresponding to 2400 pixels/s.

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Accuracy of Incident Power Density Measured Using Reconstructing Algorithm for Compliance Assessment of Devices in Near-Field at Millimeterwave Frequencies

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Fast Power Density Assessment of 5G Mobile Handset Using Equivalent Currents Method

Fast Power Density Assessment of 5G Mobile Handset Using Equivalent Currents Method

Fast Power Density Assessment of 5G Mobile Handset Using Equivalent Currents Method

Millimeter-Wave Band Electro-Optical Imaging System Using Polarization CMOS Image Sensor and Amplified Optical Local Oscillator Source

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