Accuracy of patient‐specific three‐dimensional‐printed osteotomy and reduction guides for distal femoral osteotomy in dogs with medial patella luxation

Abstract

Objective: To compare precorrectional and postcorrectional femoral alignment following distal femoral osteotomy using patient-specific 3-dimensional (3D)-printed osteotomy and reduction guides in vivo and ex vivo. Study design: Prospective study. Sample population: Ten client-owned dogs and matching 3D-printed plastic bone models. Methods: Distal femoral osteotomy was performed via a standard approach using osteotomy and reduction guides developed with computer-aided design software prior to 3D-printing. Femoral osteotomy and reduction was also performed on 3Dprinted models of each femur with identical reprinted guides. Femoral varus angle (FVA) and femoral torsion angle (FTA) were measured on postoperative computed tomographic images by 3 observers. Results: In vivo, the mean difference between target and achieved postoperative was 2.29 (±2.29 , P = .0076) for the FVA, and 1.67 (±2.08 , P = .300) for the FTA. Ex vivo, the mean difference between target and achieved postoperative was 0.29 (±1.50 , P = .813) for the FVA, and −2.33 (±3.21 , P = .336) for the FTA. Intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; 0.736-0.998) and interobserver ICC (0.829 to 0.996) were consistent with an excellent agreement. Conclusion: Use of 3D-printed osteotomy and reduction guides allowed accurate correction of FTA in vivo and both FVA and FTA ex vivo. Clinical significance: Use of 3D-printed osteotomy and reduction guides may improve the accuracy of correction of femoral alignment but warrant further evaluation of surgical time, perioperative complications, and patient outcomes compared with conventional techniques.

Single oblique osteotomy for correction of congenital radial head luxation with concurrent complex angular limb deformity in a dog: a case report

“…As a complex surgery, PSG was used to achieve accurate outcome. Improvements in surgical accuracy with PSG have been reported in several case series [ 12 13 14 ].…”

Geometric accuracy of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene canine tibia model fabricated using fused deposition modelling and the effects of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilisation

“…Some surgical studies have reported the application of 3D plastic models as surgical guides for intraoperative use [5,6,9,17]. Moreover, the geometric accuracy of surgical guides is critical during surgery.…”

“…Consumer-grade FDM printers have been used in some studies to produce inexpensive maxillofacial and long-bone models in an office setting [11,12]. Other studies have demonstrated that 3D-printing of patient-specific guides is a safe, promising, and affordable method that achieves satisfactory clinical outcomes [16,17]. Even though the plastic filament used in 3D printing has a low melting point, given the printed models intraoperative usage, sterilisation of plastic models using an autoclave has been suggested [3,12].…”

Use of Hausdorff Distance and Computer Modelling to Evaluate Virtual Surgical Plans with Three-Dimensional Printed Guides against Freehand Techniques for Navicular Bone Repair in Equine Orthopaedics

“…10,11 While CT-based surgical navigation is considered the gold standard for the placement of screws in real time, there are several advantages to 3D printed guides generated from VSP when performing complex procedures such as corrective osteotomies, including development of customized cutting and reduction guides. 12,13 However, when using 3D guides, evaluation of final model accuracy can be challenging. Studies comparing outcomes of both computer-based CT-guided surgery and 3D VSP have traditionally focused on subjective outcome measures or other manual attempts at measuring angles or other proxies of accuracy.…”