Accurate mass measurements for the confirmation of Sudan azo-dyes in hot chilli products by capillary liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem quadrupole orthogonal-acceleration time of flight mass spectrometry

Simultaneous quantitative determination of Sudan dyes using liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure photoionization–tandem mass spectrometry

“…The loss of a hydroxyl radical and a water molecule is the common fragmentation pattern observed in all these compounds. The fragmentation pathways in APPI-MS/MS are similar to that reported earlier under ESI-MS/MS (Calbiani et al, 2004b;Donna et al, 2007). …”

“…HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method under selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was reported for the simultaneous identification and quantification of Sudan I to IV present in the concentration range of 3-48 lg/kg in various food products (Calbiani et al, 2004a;Mazzetti et al, 2004). A method using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS instrument (Calbiani, Careri, Elviri, Mangia, & Zagnoni, 2004b) was also demonstrated to be a powerful confirmation method for the unambiguous identification of these dyes in complex food matrices, but the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method reported by the same group was mentioned to be more sensitive to detect these analytes.…”

Effects of functional groups on the fragmentation of dyes in electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra

“…The past few years have seen a demand for the development of analytical methods for the identification and quantification of the 'Sudan' type of azo dyes in foodstuffs due to the contamination of hot chilli products originating from Asia and some southern European countries by these banned dyes. A method based on capillary HPLC/MS/MS for the simultaneous identification and determination of Sudan I, II, III and IV in chilli tomato and cheese sauce has been reported [30] and later an accurate mass measurement for the confirmation of these Sudan dyes using tandem quadrupole orthogonal-acceleration TOF mass spectrometry is used [31]. The use of high-resolution MS techniques such as TOF analyzer improves the identification of the analytes of interest by providing the elemental composition.…”

A new liquid–liquid extraction method for determination of 6 azo-dyes in chilli products by high-performance liquid chromatography

“…A large number of techniques have been employed for the analysis of synthetic colours, such as solid extraction-spectrophotometry (Valencia, Uroz, Tafersiti, & Capitan-Vallvey, 2000), thin-layer chromatography (Marshall, 1977), voltammetric (Mo et al, 2010), capillary liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (Du, Han, Zhou, & Wu, 2007) and electrospray tandem quadrupole orthogonal-acceleration time of flight mass spectrometry (Calbiani et al, 2004b). Amongst them, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with different detections was utilised for the determination of azo-dyes.…”