Accurate SoC estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on parameter-dependent state-space model

Primary frequency regulation supported by battery storage systems in power system dominated by renewable energy sources

“…As stated in [17], ‘Coulomb counting’ is the method used to calculate SOC of BESS. Based on [18], the mathematical expression of the given method is as follows: where FCC is the full charged capacity or rated BESS capacity in Ah. SOC(0) is expressed as where C (0) is the initial charge of the BESS.…”

Eco-Driving planification profile for electric motorcycles

“…To achieve this goal, the motor efficiency formulation from Section 2. 3.1 and information about the effect of external parameters over autonomy from Section 2.5 will be used.…”

“…Section 2. 3.1 concludes that the freedom of the user to choose the speed reference of the motor without taking into account the required torque along each section of the road is the main cause of uncertainty in longitudinal motorcycle dynamics. So, the required torque along each section of the road and the required models to achieve it are studied in Section 2.…”

“…In order to discuss the energy losses inside the battery, it is important to present the model required to make the SoC estimator. Even when there are more detailed dynamic models, the circuit presented in Figure 3.4 is able to describe the battery behavior provoked by frequencies present in electric vehicle mean usage (less than a 100Hz) [3]. The energy losses will be presented in the power dissipation made by the resistances Ro and R1.…”

“…A detailed description of losses model considered will be discussed in subsection 2. 3. 1. In conclusion, besides that the speed model used by the range estimator improves its accuracy in comparison to the data based estimations, it lets to detect the efficiency behavior along a trajectory according to the speed reference proposed by the driver.…”