ACE Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Animal Muscle Protein:  A Review

Abstract

Naturally occurring ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitory peptides have a potential as antihypertensive components in functional foods or nutraceuticals. These peptides have been discovered in various food sources from plant and animal protein origin. In this paper an overview is presented of the ACE inhibitory peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of muscle protein of meat, fish, and invertebrates. Some of these peptides do not only show in vitro ACE inhibitory activity but also in vivo antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. To focus on new sources of ACE inhibitory peptides, more specifically insects and other invertebrates, we compared the vertebrate and invertebrate musculature and analyzed phylogenetic relationships.

Peptides: Production, bioactivity, functionality, and applications

“…These peptides are very valuable because they have variety of functions and they are easily absorbed in the body and therefore, they can potentially be considered a great alternative for the synthetic antihypertensive drugs (Lee et al, 2010). Although a huge body of research has been dedicated to antihypertensive effect of bioactive peptides from plant (Motoi and Kodama, 2003;Chen et al, 2003;Motoi and Kodama, 2003;Nakano et al, 2006;Kodera and Nio, 2006;Kodera and Nio, 2006;Lee et al, 2006a, b;Zhu et al, 2006;OsegueraToledo et al, 2011;Gonz alez-Garc ıa et al, 2014;OsegueraToledo et al, 2015;Capriotti et al, 2015;Esteve et al, 2015;Coscueta et al, 2016;Da Silva Vaz et al, 2016), terrestrial animals (Morimatsu et al, 1996;Arihara et al, 2001;Nakashima et al, 2002;Saiga et al, 2003;Vercruysse et al, 2005;Arihara, 2006;Yu et al, 2006;Sentandreu and Toldra, 2007;Li et al, 2007;Chang et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008a;Xu et al, 2009;Shimizu et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2010;Bernardini et al, 2012;Escudero et al, 2013), seafood (Jeon et al, 1999;Byun and Kim, 2001;Morimura et al, 2002;…”

Inhibition of human renin activity by saponins

“…Angiotensin II ultimately integrates cardiovascular and renal functions in the control of blood pressure as well as salt and volume homeostasis. For the control of RAS, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors from various foodstuffs have been reported (3,16,17). Moreover, the structure and function of endogenous renin inhibitor, namely, renin binding protein, have been extensively studied (6,11,13,14).…”

The Occurrence of Renin Inhibitor in Rice: Isolation, Identification, and Structure-Function Relationship

“…Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in various foodstuffs have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo to control the RAS. [2][3][4][5] Although renin is the most important enzyme in the RAS, screening for renin inhibitors among foodstuffs has not been well studied due to the complications of the renin assay. Recently, we screened for renin inhibitory compounds in various foodstuffs using recombinant human (rh)-renin as target enzyme, [6][7][8] and found that fermented soybean paste miso contains a renin inhibitory compound, soyasaponin I, which originates in soybean.…”