Acerca da Repartição Funcional do Rendimento na Economia Portuguesa

Abstract

Este artigo analisa empiricamente a evolução da parte dos salários no rendimento em Portugal entre 1960 e 2017, propondo uma grelha de interpretação da evolução da repartição funcional na economia portuguesa caracterizada pela existência de diferentes períodos. Consoante o período em questão, os resultados empíricos revelam a existência de associações fortes e significativas da evolução da repartição funcional com a taxa de crescimento real do PIB, com a taxa de inflação e com a taxa de desemprego, respetivamente. Estes resultados sugerem a sucessão ao longo do tempo de diferentes regimes de regulação da distribuição funcional do rendimento na economia portuguesa, que passam de contracíclicos a procíclicos no decurso do período em análise.

Portugal’s Inequality Regime: Many Contradictions, Multiple Pressures

“…The wage share then reached record levels in the mid-1970s post-revolutionary period, following the nationalisation and worker takeover of control over many businesses as well as the introduction of previously inexistent workers' rights and benefits. This was rather short-lived, however, and was followed by 15 years of a consistently pro-capital distributive backlash, facilitated by macroeconomic dynamics, particularly inflation (Abreu, 2020), and by a variety of political and institutional processes, including two International Monetary Fund (IMF) bailout agreements in 1977and 1983, pro-market Constitutional amendments in 1982and 1989, the build-up to and accession to the EU in 1986, and the liberalisation of the banking system in the 1980s. These various factors acted jointly to reassert the place and power of capital in Portuguese society, to bring about a drop in the adjusted wage share from 88% in 1975 to 55% in 1988, and, surely enough, to make a major contribution to the increase in interpersonal inequality in the 1980s that can be seen in Figures 3, 5, 6 and 7.…”