“…Based on the literature, biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles were reported by using plant extract including Garcinia mangostana fruit pericarp extract (Aminuzzaman, Ying, Goh, & Watanabe, 2018) and Moringa oleifera leaf (Pal, Mondal, Maity, & Mukherjee, 2018) for the degradation of malachite green and titan yellow dye, respectively. Bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) also has attracted tremendous attention due to its unique properties such as high refractive index, superior electrochemical property, photoluminescence, and remarkable photocatalytic activity (Bao, Lim, Zhong, Wang, & Hu, 2017;Dadashi, Poursalehi, & Delavari, 2018;Liu, Pan, Lv, Sun, & Sun, 2013;Raza, Bahnemann, & Muneer, 2018). Bi 2 O 3 exists in six crystallographic polymorphic forms symbolized as α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ε-, and ω-Bi 2 O 3 and has wide bandgap (2.0-3.96 eV) (Huang, Hu, Fan, Wu, & Qiu, 2015;Raza, Haque, Muneer, Harada, & Matsumura, 2015;Wang et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2018).…”