Acetylation of solid wood using microwave heating

Brelid, Pia Larsson; Simonson, Rune; Risman, Per Olov

doi:10.1007/s001070050053

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The highest WG obtained in Rubber wood was probably caused by its higher hemicelluloses and lignin contents as compared to Acacia and Oil palm woods ( Table 1). Regardless of anhydrides, the averages weight gain range from 36.5 to 40.5% for Rubber wood, from 15.2 to 24.2% were for Oil palm wood [21]. Modification of hinoki wood with acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, and hexanoic anhydrides using a conventional heating method gave a maximum WPG ranging from 20 to 40 after reacting at temperature of 140 ∘ C for 24 hours [22].…”

Section: Weight Percentage Gainmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The variation in mechanical properties of acetylated wood is probably caused either by reduction of moisture content (i.e., lower EMC values) or as a result of lowering of cross-sectional area or as a result of cell wall degradation caused by prolonged reaction times [2,28]. Acetylation will cause the wood to become swell and will lead to fewer load-bearing fibers within the crosssectional area [8].…”

Section: Static Bendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetylated pine had a higher Brinell hardness in both directions compared to unmodified wood. The study of acetylation of solid wood using microwave by [8] proved that, at a higher level of acetylation, both MOR and MOE values decreased compared to the lower acetylation level. The lower EMC of acetylated wood compared to untreated wood was one of the factors that influenced the strength properties of the modified wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effect of Linear Chain Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Acacia, (Acacia spp.), and Oil Palm (Tinnera spp.) Woods

Mohtar

Hamid

Sahri

2014

Journal of Composites

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The physical and mechanical properties of Rubber wood, Acacia wood, and Oil palm wood that reacted with acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydrides using a microwave heating for 4 minutes were investigated. A sample dimension of 300 mm × 100 mm × 25 mm ( × × ) was used for modification and they were cut into smaller specimens for different testing method. This study found that the density increment and void volume changes were not significantly different from anhydrides. The modification of wood with anhydrides was not significantly affected by the static bending properties, except for the Oil palm. The compression strength for any anhydrides shows an improvement for the Rubber wood and Acacia spp. but not Oil palm. The hardness was also not significantly different from anhydrides for all wood species. The impact strength of Rubber wood and Oil palm significantly increased compared to the untreated wood, but this was not the case for Acacia spp. Generally, the highest improvement in mechanical properties was obtained by modification of Rubber and Acacia woods with butyric anhydride.

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Section: Weight Percentage Gainmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Static Bendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effect of Linear Chain Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Acacia, (Acacia spp.), and Oil Palm (Tinnera spp.) Woods

Mohtar

Hamid

Sahri

2014

Journal of Composites

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“…On an industrial scale it is proposed to perform vacuum drying of wood using microwave irradiation [35][36][37]. There is a number of works dedicated to acylation of wood biomass [38][39][40] and carboxymethylation of cellulose [41][42][43] under conditions of microwave irradiation; however, these works are few in number.…”

Section: Carboxymethylation Of Wood Using Microwave Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of obtaining lignin-carbohydrate compounds from chemically modified plant raw materials

et al. 2012

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Chemical modification of plant raw materials aimed at obtaining new valuable products and materials is described. Methods of preliminary treatment and modification of biopolymers (cavitation, microwave irradiation, and application of cross-linking and delignification reagents) making it possible to reduce decomposition of all major components are considered. Modified products can be used as sorbents of heavy metal salts, additives to drilling fluids in drilling of oil and gas wells, in the construction industry etc.

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“…Could the wood or the moisture in the wood be attracting the AA in a similar way? When wood is acetylated with acetic anhydride vapor, to improve the dimensional stability in humid conditions, it reacts with the cell walls forming covalently bonded acetyl groups and the byproduct of this process is AA (Larsson Brelid et al, 1999). This AA in the wood is virtually impossible to remove and imparts undesirable qualities such as the wood smells of AA, can cause acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers and acid corrosion of metal fasteners that are used in the manufacturing of the wooded bins (Rowell, 1983).…”

Section: Bin Fumigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetic Acid Fumigation of Fruit Storage Bins to Control Diapausing Codling Moth Larvae

Randall¹,

Sholberg²,

Judd³

et al. 2011

horts

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Fumigation with glacial acetic acid (AA) vapor successfully kills post-harvest pathogens on tree fruits and berries and reduces their spoilage in storage. In this study, we investigated whether a similar approach could be implemented to eradicate diapausing larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), from fruit harvest bins they commonly infest. In 24-h tests conducted in 0.023-m3 fumigation chambers using two concentrations of vaporized AA [117,360 and 174,823 cumulative parts per million-hours (ppm-h)], mortality of diapausing larvae was 81% and 100%, respectively. A similar 24-h exposure to a 61,940 cumulative ppm-h treatment of AA caused no mortality. A 24-h fumigation of diapausing codling moth larvae placed in scaled-down plastic fruit bins treated with 55 mL of AA evaporated into a 1-m3 chamber caused 100% mortality. The same fumigation treatment of artificially infested, scaled-down wooden fruit bins caused no significant mortality of test larvae. Atmospheric concentrations of AA vapor in 1-m3 fumigation chambers containing wooden bins could not be maintained at levels necessary to cause insect death, even after multiple injections of AA. We hypothesize that either the wood or the moisture contained therein absorbs or in some other way interacts with the AA vapor. The use of AA as a fumigant targeting codling moth larvae in wooden bins is not practical or economical at this time. Fumigation of plastic fruit bins with AA would provide an economical and environmentally friendly method of killing diapausing codling moth larvae. The successful disinfestations of plastic fruit bins of codling moth would prevent these bins from being an external source of infestation, thereby decreasing overall codling moth infestation in orchards, which in turn benefits current density-dependent management practices used for the area-wide control of codling moth. chemical name: Glacial Acetic Acid (AA).

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Acetylation of solid wood using microwave heating

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Linear Chain Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Acacia, (Acacia spp.), and Oil Palm (Tinnera spp.) Woods

Effect of Linear Chain Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Acacia, (Acacia spp.), and Oil Palm (Tinnera spp.) Woods

Methods of obtaining lignin-carbohydrate compounds from chemically modified plant raw materials

Acetic Acid Fumigation of Fruit Storage Bins to Control Diapausing Codling Moth Larvae

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