Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Pinus species essential oils and their constituents

Kazakh Ziziphora Species as Sources of Bioactive Substances

“…clinopodioides (0.2%) [184] Synergistic antibacterial activity with ampicillin against strain of S. aureus [383] Z. tenuior [94] Caryophyllene oxide (β-caryophyllene oxide) (90) Z. clinopodioides (0.5%) [184] Antitermitic [187], antifungal [308,384], antimicrobial [385] Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in tested mice [386] Modest cytotoxic activity against tested human tumor cell lines [387] Anti-cancer effects through the modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and MAPK signalling [388] O H H Z. tenuior (0.11%-0.32%) [94,179,202] Caryophyllene (syn. β-caryophyllene, trans-caryophyllene, (E)-caryophyllene) (91) Z. tenuior (0.22%) [94,179] Antifungal, antibacterial [187] Antiprotozoal (T. cruzi, L. infantum) [389] Fumigant against Lasioderma serricorne [390] Antihyperglycemic effect by decreasing blood glucose and increasing plasma insulin in diabetic rats [391] Antioxidant effect and inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase in CCl4-induced fibrosis in rats [392] Anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of TNFα and PGE2 and it is also effective in reducing PAF-, bradykinin-, ovoalbumin-induced mouse paw edema [393,394] Low inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase [224] Review on metabolism and toxicity [200] H H α-Humulene (syn. α-Caryophyllene) (92) Z. clinopodioides (2.7%-4.5%) [184] Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes (MIC of 3.13 µg/mL) [395] Antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC-3, M4BEU, CT-26, human amelanotic melanoma cell line C32, renal cell adenocarcinoma ACHN, hormonedependent prostate carcinoma LNCaP, A-549 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1) [396][397][398]…”

“…Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of different substances [213] Anti-inflammatory (inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW-264.7 macrophages) [223] Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase [224] Suppression of CNS in mice [214,215,225] Antiproliferative (tested on primary rat neurons and N2a neuroblastoma cells) [226]; antiproliferative effect on K562 cells [227]; some cytotoxic activity [190] Molecules 2016, 21, 826 14 of 53…”

“…Analgesic activity reviewed [199] Review on metabolism and toxicity [200] Borneol (67) Z. clinopodioides (0.9%-1.2%) [184] Inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [323] DNA-protective effects against H2O2 in primary rat hepatocytes and testicular cells [324] Anti-inflammatory in an ALI model in mice through inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPKs signalling pathways [325]; suppression of expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in TNBS-induced colitis in mice [326] Penetration enhancer [327]; increasing of the brain bioavailability of different drugs [328] Antibacterial (multi-drug resistant E. coli) [329] Antiviral (HSV-1) [282] OH endo-Borneol (68) Z. tenuior (0.14%) [202] Vasorelaxant effect on rat thoracic aorta artery rings [330] Positive modulation of the activation of GABAA receptors [331] Potentiation of SeC-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells [332] Prolonging anaesthesia time of propofol by inhibiting its glucuronidation [333] O H Bornyl acetate (69) Z. clinopodioides (3.3%) [184] Antifungal (against Pyrenophora avenae) [334] Insecticidal (against Callosobruchus chinensis and Sitophilus oryzae) [228] Anti-inflammatory in an ALI model in mice [335] and in human chondrocytes [336] Antiabortive in pregnant mice [337] Cytotoxic ((Eca-109, HepG2, HT29, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, SGC7901, SW1990 and U2-OS) and a normal cell line (HL-7702) [338] O O Terpinen-4-ol (70) Z. clinopodioides (0.36%-18.2%) [15,184] Sedative and anaesthetic (on silver catfish juveniles) [339]; depressant effect on the CNS and significant anticonvulsant activity probably due to interaction with GABA receptors [340,341] Low inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase [224] Relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle …”

“…rigida (0.4%) [21] Sedative and anaesthetic (on silver catfish juveniles) [339]; depressant effect on the CNS and significant anticonvulsant activity probably due to interaction with GABA receptors [340,341] Low inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase [224] Relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle [342] Review on some effects on cardiovascular system [221] Anticancer (melanoma) [343]; antiproliferative activity in two murine cancer cell lines through induction of necrosis and cell cycle arrest [344]; induction of apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer [345]; anti-tumoral activity in human melanoma cells by induction of caspase-dependent form of apoptosis [346] Antiviral activity against influenza A⁄PR⁄8 virus subtype H1N1 [231] Anti-inflammatory (inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW-264.7 macrophages) [223]; anti-inflammatory [216]; anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of oral candidiasis [347]; suppression of the production of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and PGE2 by LPS-activated monocytes [348] Antibacterial against MRSA and CoNS [349] Low antinematocidal activity [281] Antimycotic (C. albicans) [307,350] Insecticidal (against L. serricorne) [351] Trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma evansi [222] OH Z. clinopodioides subsp. rigida (0.4%) [21] Z. clinopodioides subsp.…”

Evaluation of nootropic activity of Curcuma longa leaves in diazepam and scopolamine-induced amnesic mice and rats

“…Phellandrene isolated from Pinus species has exhibited AChE inhibitory activity. 6 The constituents of Curcuma longa leaves are monoterpenes which include phellandrene and C8-aldehyde, with phellandrene. 7 Hence, the study is planned to screen nootropic activity of C. longa leaves in diazepam and scopolamine-induced amnesic mice and rats using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze models with biochemical tests including estimation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and AChE activity.…”