Acetylcholinesterases of blood-feeding flies and ticks

Temeyer, Kevin B.; Tuckow, Alexander P.; Brake, Danett K.; Li, Andrew Y.; León, Adalberto A Pérez de

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2012.09.010

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Acetylcholinesterases have also been shown to be secreted in other blood feeding arthropods such as Cimex lectularius and Triatoma matogrossensis saliva (Ribeiro et al, 2012). Aceytl-cholinesterase in R. microplus was hypothesized to affect wound healing and immune response by decreasing acetylcholine in tissue (Temeyer et al, 2013). Finally, in addition to anti-oxidant enzymes, two contigs, GBSR01000047 and GBSR01000103, identified as E3 ubiquitin ligase which was previously characterized in I. scapularis and shows ability to restrict bacterial colonization in the tick (Severo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of 24h Ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins

Lewis

Radulović

Kim

et al. 2015

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the United States. This tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA: Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, B. miyamotoi, Babesia microti, and Powassan virus disease. Except for the Powassan virus disease, I. scapularis-vectored TBD agents require more than 24 h post attachment to be transmitted. This study describes identification of 24 h immunogenic I. scapularis tick saliva proteins, which could provide opportunities to develop strategies to stop tick feeding before transmission of the majority of pathogens. A 24 h fed female I. scapularis phage display cDNA expression library was biopanned using rabbit antibodies to 24 h fed I. scapularis female tick saliva proteins, subjected to next generation sequencing, de novo assembly, and bioinformatic analyses. A total of 182 contigs were assembled, of which ~19% (35/182) are novel and did not show identity to any known proteins in GenBank. The remaining ~81% (147/182) of contigs were provisionally identified based on matches in GenBank including ~18% (27/147) that matched protein sequences previously annotated as hypothetical and putative tick saliva proteins. Others include proteases and protease inhibitors (~3%, 5/147), transporters and/or ligand binding proteins (~6%, 9/147), immunogenic tick saliva housekeeping enzyme-like (17%, 25/147), ribosomal protein-like (~31%, 46/147), and those classified as miscellaneous (~24%, 35/147). Notable among the miscellaneous class include antimicrobial peptides (microplusin and ricinusin), myosin-like proteins that have been previously found in tick saliva, and heat shock tick saliva protein. Data in this study provides the foundation for in-depth analysis of I. scapularis feeding during the first 24 h, before the majority of TBD agents can be transmitted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of 24h Ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins

Lewis

Radulović

Kim

et al. 2015

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…ACh and the enzyme AChE occur in most animals [50] including ticks [14], [20], [26], [51]. Transcripts encoding both muscarinic (See Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome of the Female Synganglion of the Black-Legged Tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) with Comparison between Illumina and 454 Systems

Egekwu

Sonenshine

Bissinger³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Illumina and 454 pyrosequencing were used to characterize genes from the synganglion of female Ixodes scapularis. GO term searching success for biological processes was similar for samples sequenced by both methods. However, for molecular processes, it was more successful for the Illumina samples than for 454 samples. Functional assignments of transcripts predicting neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors, neurotransmitter receptors and other genes of interest was done, supported by strong e-values (<−6), and high consensus sequence alignments. Transcripts predicting 15 putative neuropeptide prepropeptides ((allatostatin, allatotropin, bursicon α, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), CRF-binding protein, eclosion hormone, FMRFamide, glycoprotein A, insulin-like peptide, ion transport peptide, myoinhibitory peptide, inotocin ( = neurophysin-oxytocin), Neuropeptide F, sulfakinin and SIFamide)) and transcripts predicting receptors for 14 neuropeptides (allatostatin, calcitonin, cardioacceleratory peptide, corazonin, CRF, eclosion hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone/AKH-like, insulin-like peptide, neuropeptide F, proctolin, pyrokinin, SIFamide, sulfakinin and tachykinin) are reported. Similar to Dermacentor variabilis, we found transcripts matching pro-protein convertase, essential for converting neuropeptide hormones to their mature form. Additionally, transcripts predicting 6 neurotransmitter/neuromodulator receptors (acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, glutamate, octopamine and serotonin) and 3 neurotransmitter transporters (GABA transporter, noradrenalin-norepinephrine transporter and Na+-neurotransmitter/symporter) are described. Further, we found transcripts predicting genes for pheromone odorant receptor, gustatory receptor, novel GPCR messages, ecdysone nuclear receptor, JH esterase binding protein, steroidogenic activating protein, chitin synthase, chitinase, and other genes of interest. Also found were transcripts predicting genes for spermatogenesis-associated protein, major sperm protein, spermidine oxidase and spermidine synthase, genes not normally expressed in the female CNS of other invertebrates. The diversity of messages predicting important genes identified in this study offers a valuable resource useful for understanding how the tick synganglion regulates important physiological functions.

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“…Mutations in the AChE gene (especially AChE1) have been widely shown in several insect species (Kwon et al 2012;Temeyer et al 2013;Zhang et al 2013) and have been associated with OP and CB resistance in D. melanogaster, C. pipiens, N. lugens, B. tabaci, C. tritaeniorhynchus, A. gambiae, Tetranychus evansi and P. xylostella (Fournier et al 1989;Weill et al 2002;Baek et al 2005;Oh et al 2006;Alon et al 2008;Alout et al 2009;Jiang et al 2009;Wang et al 2009;Carvalho et al 2012;Kwon et al 2012). Mutations in the AChE gene (especially AChE1) have been widely shown in several insect species (Kwon et al 2012;Temeyer et al 2013;Zhang et al 2013) and have been associated with OP and CB resistance in D. melanogaster, C. pipiens, N. lugens, B. tabaci, C. tritaeniorhynchus, A. gambiae, Tetranychus evansi and P. xylostella (Fournier et al 1989;Weill et al 2002;Baek et al 2005;Oh et al 2006;Alon et al 2008;Alout et al 2009;Jiang et al 2009;Wang et al 2009;Carvalho et al 2012;Kwon et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent decades, insecticide resistance has become a serious problem in rice production and it has become necessary to investigate the mechanisms of insecticide resistance and develop new and more efficient insecticides. Mutations in the AChE gene (especially AChE1) have been widely shown in several insect species (Kwon et al 2012;Temeyer et al 2013;Zhang et al 2013) and have been associated with OP and CB resistance in D. melanogaster, C. pipiens, N. lugens, B. tabaci, C. tritaeniorhynchus, A. gambiae, Tetranychus evansi and P. xylostella (Fournier et al 1989;Weill et al 2002;Baek et al 2005;Oh et al 2006;Alon et al 2008;Alout et al 2009;Jiang et al 2009;Wang et al 2009;Carvalho et al 2012;Kwon et al 2012). The WBPH is a notorious rice pest in Asia and has caused serious losses in rice crops due to their feeding and their transmission of the southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (Zhou et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry and molecular characterisation of chlorpyrifos resistance in field strains of the white‐backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Ai²,

Jiang

et al. 2015

Austral Entomology

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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the molecular target of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides. The white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth, 1899), is a notorious rice pest in Asia and exhibits high resistance against a specific OP pesticide known as chlorpyrifos. To date, there has not yet been a study on the molecular mechanisms that confer resistance to this pesticide in S. furcifera. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of AChE type 1 and type 2 genes from S. furcifera (SfAChE1 and SfAChE2). Both genes appear to be functional and are composed of the classic AChE domains. An analysis of the gene family revealed that SfAChE1 and SfAChE2 cluster into in the insect AChE1 and AChE2 clades, respectively. We first performed qPCR experiments to detect AChE expression patterns in distinct developmental stages and tissues. Our results revealed that SfAChE1 is more highly expressed than SfAChE2. Both genes were most highly expressed during the first instar nymph stage, and then expressed at a decreasing rate until the end of the fifth instar nymph stage. Both SfAChE1 and SfAChE2 were more highly expressed than in other tested tissues. Furthermore, we investigated the association between AChE genes and chlorpyrifos resistance and found that Nanjing (NJ-R) is a chlorpyrifos-resistant strain with high frequencies of a Ser298Pro mutation in SfAChE1. Conversely, the chlorpyrifos-susceptible Guangdong (GD-S) strain did not carry this mutation.

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Acetylcholinesterases of blood-feeding flies and ticks

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Identification of 24h Ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins

Identification of 24h Ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins

Transcriptome of the Female Synganglion of the Black-Legged Tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) with Comparison between Illumina and 454 Systems

Biochemistry and molecular characterisation of chlorpyrifos resistance in field strains of the white‐backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

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