ACGT‐containing abscisic acid response element (ABRE) and coupling element 3 (CE3) are functionally equivalent

Abstract

SummaryACGT-containing ABA response elements (ABREs) have been functionally identi®ed in the promoters of various genes. In addition, single copies of ABRE have been found to require a cis-acting, coupling element to achieve ABA induction. A coupling element 3 (CE3) sequence, originally identi®ed as such in the barley HVA1 promoter, is found approximately 30 bp downstream of motif A (ACGT-containing ABRE) in the promoter of the Osem gene. The relationship between these two elements was further de®ned by linker-scan analyses of a 55 bp fragment of the Osem promoter, which is suf®cient for ABA-responsiveness and VP1 activation. The analyses revealed that both motif A and CE3 sequence were required not only for ABAresponsiveness but also for VP1 activation. Since the sequences of motif A and CE3 were found to be similar, motif-exchange experiments were carried out. The experiments demonstrated that motif A and CE3 were interchangeable by each other with respect to both ABA and VP1 regulation. In addition, both sequences were shown to be recognized by a VP1-interacting, ABAresponsive bZIP factor TRAB1. These results indicate that ACGT-containing ABREs and CE3 are functionally equivalent cis-acting elements. Furthermore, TRAB1 was shown to bind two other non-ACGT ABREs. Based on these results, all these ABREs including CE3 are proposed to be categorized into a single class of cisacting elements.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Calcium Regulation of Specific Promoter Motifs inArabidopsis

“…By analyzing the promoter sequences of this combined list of genes induced by our electrical impulses, we found four distinct classes of short DNA motif that appeared at a frequency statistically higher than in the genome as a whole (Table 2, Figure 2). These four motifs most closely resembled motifs already described in the plant molecular biology literature, namely the CRT/DRE coldand drought-responsive element (Yamaguchi-Shinozaki and Shinozaki, 1994;Stockinger et al, 1997;Liu et al, 1998), the ABRE abscisic acid response element (Hobo et al, 1999), the binding site of the CAMTA transcription factors (which we have named CAM box) (Yang and Poovaiah, 2002), and finally the Site II motif (Tré mousaygue et al, 2003). The ABRE (CACGTGT) and CAM box (ACGCGT) completely fit the consensus of the ABRE (CACGTG[T/C/G]) and ABRE coupling element ([C/A]ACGCG[T/ C/A]) identified by our previous microarray experiment (Kaplan et al, 2006).…”

“…It is not clear what other signals induce the CAM box, although a role for the CAMTA transcription factors that bind this motif has also been shown in response to pathogens and auxin (Galon et al, 2008;Du et al, 2009;Galon et al, 2010b), which also provoke elevations in [Ca 2+ ] c (Felle, 1988;Knight et al, 1996;Grant et al, 2000). The CRT element is also induced in response to drought (Liu et al, 1998), and the ABRE is induced in response to ABA and drought (Hobo et al, 1999), which both induce [Ca 2+ ] c (McAinsh et al, 1990;Knight et al, 1996;Knight et al, 1997). It is not clear in which calcium-regulated process the Site II motif participates; therefore, correlating these conditions with [Ca 2+ ] c elevations is not currently possible.…”

Regulation of Leaf Starch Degradation by Abscisic Acid Is Important for Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

“…A combination of ABRE/CE3-like motifs was initially thought to establish a minimal ABA-responsive complex to confer ABA responsiveness (Shen and Ho, 1995;Shen et al, 1996). In fact, it was later shown that the ACGT-containing ABREs and CE3 are functionally equivalent cis-acting elements and that multiple ABREs or CEs or the combination of ABREs with CEs can also confer ABA responsiveness (Hobo et al, 1999). In our analysis, it is interesting that while ABREs elements were practically absent in the promoters of BAM1 orthologs from monocotyledons, the CE3-like motifs were universally present ( Figure 8B).…”

Isolation and characterization of sucrose phosphate synthase promoter from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

“…A cis-acting motif CE3 (GACGCGTGTC) was found in SPS promoter involved in ABA (absicisic acid) and VP1 responsiveness. These motifs found to interact with ABRE motifs required for ABA and VP1 related expression (Hobo et al, 1999).A unique motif in SPS promoter was HDZIP2ATATAHB2 interacts with athb2 and reported to be involved in morphological changes (Ohgishi et al, 2001). This cis-acting motif was found to present in cotton PROTODERMALFACTOR1 gene promoter that derives fiber specific expression during initiation and early elongation phase (Deng et al, 2012).Presence of various light regulated motifs and pathogenic responsive sequences also depicted that this promoter may be induced by light.…”