“…Moreover, it is worth noting that detecting different links between boredom and performance in the two examined settings can also shed some light on the reasons underlying some inconsistent results of previous research involving primary-school students, in which boredom was not examined according to different settings (Di Leo et al, 2019;Lichtenfeld et al, 2012;Muis, Psaradellis, et al, 2015;Muis, Ranellucci, et al, 2015;Obergriesser & Stoeger, 2016;Putwain et al, 2018Putwain et al, , 2020Putwain et al, , 2021Raccanello et al, 2019;Robertson et al, 2004;Zaccoletti et al, 2020). Distinguishing homework and tests might have helped to identify another moderator of the relations between boredom and performance, that is, setting, which has been frequently neglected in previous literature (for an exception, see Raccanello et al, 2013).…”