Achieving a 100% Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energy

Kroposki, Benjamin; Johnson, Brian; Zhang, Yingchen; Gevorgian, Vahan; Denholm, Paul; Hodge, Bri-Mathias; Hannegan, Bryan

doi:10.1109/mpe.2016.2637122

Cited by 1,023 publications

(552 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The development of advanced inverter technologies over the last thirty years has allowed both PV and wind technologies to be easily integrated into AC electrical grids, however they do have different characteristics from synchronous generators and therefore have unique challenges with this integration [5]. One difference is the inherent inertia that a large rotating mass from a synchronous generator can provide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating high levels of variable renewable energy into electric power systems

Kroposki

2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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139

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As more variable renewable energy (VRE) such as wind and solar are integrated into electric power systems, technical challenges arise from the need to maintain the balance between load and generation at all timescales. This paper examines the challenges with integrating ultrahigh levels of VRE into electric power system, reviews a range of solutions to these challenges, and provides a description of several examples of ultra-high VRE systems that are in operation today.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating high levels of variable renewable energy into electric power systems

Kroposki

2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

Self Cite

139

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“…The global installation of wind and PV generation exceeded 400 GW and 200 GW, respectively, by the end of 2015 [3]. Countries like Ireland and Germany already have annual RES penetrations of more than 20% [4]. In Denmark, wind power alone has the capacity to meet 40% of the country's instantaneous electricity demand, which is the highest among all the countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PV systems and most modern wind turbines are interfaced through inverters. Although this is advantageous from the point-of-view of harvesting RES, the inverter-based generation does not provide any mechanical inertial response, and hence compromises frequency stability [4][5][6]. Recent reports and studies have shown frequency stability to be a matter of significant concern due to lack of inertial response from RESs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The modern power system is progressing from a synchronous machine-based system towards an inverter-dominated system, with large-scale penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like wind and photovoltaics. RES units today represent a major share of the generation, and the traditional approach of integrating them as grid following units can lead to frequency instability. Many researchers have pointed towards using inverters with virtual inertia control algorithms so that they appear as synchronous generators to the grid, maintaining and enhancing system stability. This paper presents a literature review of the current state-of-the-art of virtual inertia implementation techniques, and explores potential research directions and challenges. The major virtual inertia topologies are compared and classified. Through literature review and simulations of some selected topologies it has been shown that similar inertial response can be achieved by relating the parameters of these topologies through time constants and inertia constants, although the exact frequency dynamics may vary slightly. The suitability of a topology depends on system control architecture and desired level of detail in replication of the dynamics of synchronous generators. A discussion on the challenges and research directions points out several research needs, especially for systems level integration of virtual inertia systems.

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“…At present, renewable energy sources (RESs) share about 5% and 13% of electricity power supply in the United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU), respectively [1]. With the promoting of "20-20-20", RESs have been greatly developed and advanced in many European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Optimal Planning Active Distribution System: Models, Methods, and Future Researches

Wang

Chen³

et al. 2017

Energies

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Due to the widespread deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the liberalization of electricity market, traditional distribution networks are undergoing a transition to active distribution systems (ADSs), and the traditional deterministic planning methods have become unsuitable under the high penetration of DERs. Aiming to develop appropriate models and methodologies for the planning of ADSs, the key features of ADS planning problem are analyzed from the different perspectives, such as the allocation of DGs and ESS, coupling of operation and planning, and high-level uncertainties. Based on these analyses, this comprehensive literature review summarizes the latest research and development associated with ADS planning. The planning models and methods proposed in these research works are analyzed and categorized from different perspectives including objectives, decision variables, constraint conditions, and solving algorithms. The key theoretical issues and challenges of ADS planning are extracted and discussed. Meanwhile, emphasis is also given to the suitable suggestions to deal with these abovementioned issues based on the available literature and comparisons between them. Finally, several important research prospects are recommended for further research in ADS planning field, such as planning with multiple micro-grids (MGs), collaborative planning between ADSs and information communication system (ICS), and planning from different perspectives of multi-stakeholders.

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Achieving a 100% Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energy

Cited by 1,023 publications

References 7 publications

Integrating high levels of variable renewable energy into electric power systems

Integrating high levels of variable renewable energy into electric power systems

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

A Review of Optimal Planning Active Distribution System: Models, Methods, and Future Researches

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