Integrating high levels of variable renewable energy into electric power systems

Kroposki, Benjamin

doi:10.1007/s40565-017-0339-3

Cited by 139 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Islands' characteristics provide several advantages in acting as living laboratories in the renewable energy transition. Their isolation makes them unique in studying the feasibility of a 100% renewables systems; examples of island systems combining smart technologies, cooperatives, local community energy projects and micro grids include the Isle of Eigg [21], El Hierro [22], Tokelau [23], and Ta'u of American Samoa [24]. Fiji recently became the first country to unite their economic and climate ministries, doing so to prove two-fold that sustainable development is possible and to act as a flagship for other countries to follow suit.…”

Section: Unique Situations Of Small Island Developing Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Opportunities of Island States to Transition to a Low-Carbon Mobility System

2020

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Small islands developing states (SIDS) contribute minuscule proportions to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption, but are highly exposed to climate change impacts, in particular to extreme weather events and sea-level rise. However, there is little research on potential decarbonization trajectories unique to SIDS. Here, we argue that insular topology, scale, and economy are distinctive characteristics of SIDS that facilitate overcoming carbon lock-in. We investigate these dimensions for the three islands of Barbados, Fiji, and Mauritius. We find that insular topologies and small scale offer an opportunity for both public transit corridors and rapid electrification of car fleets. The tourism sector enables local decision-makers and investors to experiment with shared mobility and to induce spillover effects by educating tourists about new mobility options. Limited network effects, and the particular economy thus enables to overcome carbon lock-in. We call for targeted investments into SIDS to transition insular mobility systems towards zero carbon in 2040. The decarbonization of SIDS is not only needed as a mitigation effort, but also as a strong signal to the global community underlining that a zero-carbon future is possible.

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Section: Unique Situations Of Small Island Developing Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Opportunities of Island States to Transition to a Low-Carbon Mobility System

2020

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“…The following summary provided in Table 1 of system configurations are adapted from a National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) study on the technical performance of utility-scale PVS plants [5]. As more variable renewable energy (VRE) resources such as wind and solar are increasingly being integrated into electric power systems, technical challenges arise from the need to maintain the balance between load and generation (or demand and supply) at different time scales [6]. California has already achieved 20-25% electricity generation using renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass with an updated target of achieving 60% generation by 2030 and Hawaii has already achieved a 19% renewable generation with future potential for 55% generation using renewable sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Techno-Economics and Environmental Attributes of Utility-Scale PV with Battery Energy Storage Systems (PVS) Compared to Conventional Gas Peakers for Providing Firm Capacity in California

2020

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The United States needs to add at least 20 GW of peaking capacity to its grid over the next 10 years, led by large-scale projects in California, Texas and Arizona. Of that, about 60% must be installed between 2023 and 2027, meaning that the energy storage industry has more time to build an economic advantage by lowering costs and improving performance to compete with conventional gas peakers. In this paper, we assess the technical feasibility of utility-scale PV plus battery energy storage (PVS) to provide high capacity factors during summer peak demand periods using a target period capacity factor (TPCF) framework as an alternative to natural gas peakers. Also, a new metric called “Lifetime Cost of Operation” (LCOO) is introduced to provide a metric, focusing on the raw installation and operational costs of PVS technology compared to natural-gas fired peaker plants (simple cycle or conventional combustion turbine) during the target period window. The target period window is the time period during which it is valuable for power plants to provide firm capacity usually during early or late evening peak demand periods in the summer months (from April to September); a framework for which is increasingly being asked for by utilities in recent request for proposals (RFPs). A 50 MWAC PV system with 60 MW/240 MWh battery storage modelled in California can provide >98% capacity factor over a 7–10 p.m. target period with lower LCOO than a conventional combustion turbine natural gas power plant.

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“…These sources are strongly dependent on environmental factors, such as local weather phenomena. Therefore, their contribution is prone to fluctuations which could result in local grid instabilities [2]. In this context, decentralized power generation with combined heat and power (CHP) units becomes increasingly popular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy also reduces the THC mass released by about 71 %. Both the significant decrease in NO x mass produced and the reduction of THC emissions can be attributed (1) to lower raw emissions and a faster warm-up of the TWC (SA strategy) and (2) to the adaption of the exhaust gas composition to the state of the TWC and therefore a substantially lower t lim (AFR strategy). The electric power output is an important benchmark for comparing combined heat and power plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reduction of Cold-Start Emissions for a Micro Combined Heat and Power Plant

et al. 2020

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Decentralized power generation by combined heat and power plants becomes increasingly popular as a measure to advance the energy transition. In this context, a substantial advantage of small combined heat and power plants is based on the relatively low pollutant emissions. However, a large proportion of the pollutant emissions is produced during a cold-start. This fact is not reflected in governmental and institutional emission guidelines, as these strongly focus on the emission levels under steady-state conditions. This study analyzes the spark advance, the reference air/fuel ratio and an electrically heated catalyst in terms of their potential to reduce the cold-start emissions of a micro combined heat and power plant which uses a natural gas fueled reciprocating internal combustion engine as prime mover and a three-way catalytic converter as aftertreatment system. Based on these measures, control approaches were developed that account for the specific operating conditions of the class of small combined heat and power plants, e.g., full-load operation and flexible, demand-driven runtimes. The experimental data demonstrates that even solutions with marginal adaptation/integration effort can reduce cold-start emissions to a great extent.

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Integrating high levels of variable renewable energy into electric power systems

Cited by 139 publications

References 22 publications

Unique Opportunities of Island States to Transition to a Low-Carbon Mobility System

Unique Opportunities of Island States to Transition to a Low-Carbon Mobility System

Assessing the Techno-Economics and Environmental Attributes of Utility-Scale PV with Battery Energy Storage Systems (PVS) Compared to Conventional Gas Peakers for Providing Firm Capacity in California

Reduction of Cold-Start Emissions for a Micro Combined Heat and Power Plant

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