Achieving Germany’s wind energy expansion target with an improved wind turbine siting approach

Jung, Christopher; Schindler, Dirk; Grau, Leonie

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.07.090

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In some cases, parts of existing infrastructure might be usable, eg, the wind farm substation and some of the electrical connections. Repowering will have a positive effect in reaching climate change commitments at a national level, as modelled by Jung et al in the German case, Serri et al in the Italian case, and by Ramírez et al in the Spanish case …”

Section: Background—repowering Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Repowering wind turbines (or wind farms) brings a number of benefits. First, and most important, repowering will increase performance and electricity production of wind projects, as demonstrated under different circumstances by previous studies . This increase in performance is partly because the sites with the best wind conditions were often used in the 1980s or 1990s .…”

Section: Background—repowering Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…First, and most important, repowering will increase performance and electricity production of wind projects, as demonstrated under different circumstances by previous studies. 1,4,[8][9][10][11] This increase in performance is partly because the sites with the best wind conditions were often used in the 1980s or 1990s. 12 Compared with a greenfield project, financing conditions tend to be better for repowering projects because the wind resource is known already and planning costs will be lower.…”

Section: Background-repowering Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Compared with a greenfield project, financing conditions tend to be better for repowering projects because the wind resource is known already and planning costs will be lower. 6,13,14 In some cases, parts of existing infrastructure might be usable, 15 11,16,17 A theoretical case study for a wind farm in India has shown that energy yield could increase by a factor of four. 18 Other studies have reported an increase in capacity factor by 10 percentage points.…”

Section: Background-repowering Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technology effects in repowering wind turbines

2019

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This research investigates, analyses, and quantifies the technological effects of wind turbine repowering (ie, where old turbines are removed and new turbines are installed at the same or a very close location, including the enhanced performance in energy production). In these cases, it is assumed that both old and new turbines are subject to the same wind regime, other than because of technological elements, such as hub height, and thus it is possible to isolate the effects of new technology from the effect of changing local wind conditions. This research is based on the analysis of empirical data on repowering turbines in Denmark and Germany, and on historical production data available for the Danish component of the data set. Technological innovations are expected to enable new wind turbines to capture more energy at the repowering site, mostly through larger rotors and higher hub heights, and this is what this study has analysed. The results show that new turbines in repowering projects are twice as high, have three times the rotor diameter, nine times the swept area, six times the nominal power, and nine times as much electricity as the old turbines. However, the most significant improvement is probably the increase of capacity factor of 7.1% on a per-turbine basis, or 9.7% on a per-production basis.

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Section: Background—repowering Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Background—repowering Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Background-repowering Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background-repowering Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technology effects in repowering wind turbines

2019

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“…Therefore, in order to accurately evaluate the performance of a wind turbine overall, it is essential to forecast the wind flow characteristics such as velocity profile and turbulence intensity related to the wind turbine installation site. Furthermore, it is recommended to choose a wind turbine of a design grade adequate for the estimated wind conditions in order to maximize durability and economic benefits [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Wind Flow Characteristics by RANS-Based Numerical Site Calibration (NSC) Method with Met-Tower Measurements and Its Application to a Complex Terrain

Jeong

2020

Energies

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The performance of wind turbines is not only dependent on the wind turbine design itself, but is also dependent on the accurate assessment of wind resources at the installation site. In this paper, the numerical site calibration (NSC) method using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation was proposed to accurately forecast the wind flow characteristics of wind turbine sites with complex terrains, namely Methil in Scotland, and Haenam in South Korea. From NSC at the Methil and Haenam sites, it was shown that the complicated and vortical flow fields around hills and valleys were captured using the three-dimensional RANS CFD simulation in Ansys CFX software based on a high-resolution scheme with a renormalization group (RNG)-based k-ε turbulence model. It was also shown that topographically induced wind profile and turbulence intensity over a local-scale complex terrain are remarkably dominated by flow separation after passing hills. It was concluded that the proposed NSC method using three-dimensional RANS simulation with a high-resolution scheme was an economically useful method for evaluating wind flow characteristics numerically to assess wind turbine sites with complex terrains and designing the wind farm layout.

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The role of the power law exponent in wind energy assessment: A global analysis

Jung

Schindler

2021

Int J Energy Res

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The power law is most often applied to extrapolate the near-surface wind speed to the wind turbine hub height. Due to variations of the meteorological conditions, the power law exponent varies over time. Usually, no long-term wind speed measurements from multiple heights are available which would allow time-dependent and spatially explicit power law exponent estimations. Instead, often the mean of the power law exponent or a constant value of 0.14 is assumed. The goal of this study was to quantify the error in wind potential assessments resulting from applying the mean of the power law exponent or a value of 0.14. The data base for this study are the hourly wind speed time series at 10 and 100 m above ground available for the period 2007 to 2018 from the ERA5 reanalysis project at a global 0.25 × 0.25 grid. The errors in the estimation of the wind power density and the capacity factor were calculated. It was found that, onshore, the global median of the absolute percentage error related to the wind power density using the mean of the power law exponent is 7.5%. Assuming a constant value of 0.14, the power law is less accurate (absolute percentage error: 37.1%). For the estimation of the capacity factor the absolute percentage errors are 5.5% and 36.9%. Based on the results of this study, the use of time-dependent and spatially explicit power law exponents is suggested. In the absence of long-term wind speed measurements from multiple heights, the results provide a comprehensive global overview of the errors to be expected from using the mean of the power law exponent or assuming a value of 0.14. In many regions where the wind resource is abundant, using the mean of the power law exponent only leads to minor errors in capacity factor estimation.

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Achieving Germany’s wind energy expansion target with an improved wind turbine siting approach

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Technology effects in repowering wind turbines

Technology effects in repowering wind turbines

Evaluation of Wind Flow Characteristics by RANS-Based Numerical Site Calibration (NSC) Method with Met-Tower Measurements and Its Application to a Complex Terrain

The role of the power law exponent in wind energy assessment: A global analysis

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