Achieving opto-responsive multimode luminescence in Zn1+Ga2−2Ge O4:Mn persistent phosphors for advanced anti-counterfeiting and information encryption

Mn2+-Activated Photostimulable Persistent Nanophosphors by Pr3+ Codoping for Rewritable Information Storage

“…After the stoppage of excitation, the trapped electrons of the shallow trap are released by the thermal activation energy at room temperature to CB (process 4) or are captured by Mn 2+ (process 2), leading to the typical Mn 2+ PersL emission (process 5). After nearly all the trapped electrons in Trap I are thermally released accompanied by the intensity decrease of PersL, the electrons of Trap II, which is almost kept unchanged since the thermal activation energy at room temperature is not enough to empty Trap II, can be released by NIR light or heat stimulation to arrive to CB (process 4) . As a consequence, the repopulated luminescence level can again contribute to the Mn 2+ PSL/PSPL (process 6) by combining with holes (process 7).…”

“…After nearly all the trapped electrons in Trap I are thermally released accompanied by the intensity decrease of PersL, the electrons of Trap II, which is almost kept unchanged since the thermal activation energy at room temperature is not enough to empty Trap II, 58 can be released by NIR light or heat stimulation to arrive to CB (process 4). 59 As a consequence, the repopulated luminescence level can again contribute to the Mn 2+ PSL/PSPL (process 6) by combining with holes (process 7).…”

Multi-mode anti-counterfeiting guarantees from a single material CaCd2Ga2Ge3O12:Tb3+,Yb3+ – two stimuli-responsive and four-state emission

“…[6][7][8][9][10] Compared with single-mode luminescence, multi-mode luminescence anti-counterfeiting can achieve luminescence under different excitation conditions, which improves the development of luminescence anti-counterfeiting. [11][12][13] A variety of advanced multi-mode anticounterfeiting applications have been studied so far. [14][15][16][17] These applications that are based on multi-mode luminescence guarantee anti-counterfeiting that is difficult to copy.…”

Designing stimuli-responsive and color-tunable indicators via the coexistence of dual emitting centers

“…Although many approaches have contributed to the improvement of luminescent materials including optimization of host matrices, dopant type, concentration, defect engineering as well as band gap engineering, the design of stimuli-responsive and color-tunable smart luminescent phosphors has been challenging so far. 13–21…”

“…Although many approaches have contributed to the improvement of luminescent materials including optimization of host matrices, dopant type, concentration, defect engineering as well as band gap engineering, the design of stimuli-responsive and color-tunable smart luminescent phosphors has been challenging so far. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Bismuth with the electronic configuration of (Xe)4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 3 shows multiple valence states such as 0, +1, +2, +3, and +5 with 6p 3 , 6p 2 , 6p 1 , 6s 2 , and 5d 10 outermost electrons, respectively. The trivalent bismuth ion (Bi 3+ ), as an excellent activator and sensitizer in phosphors, has attracted considerable interest during recent decades due to its widespread applications in optical sensing, photovoltaics, ferroelectrics, biomedicine and solid-state lighting.…”