Traffic congestion, air pollution, fuel wastage, and car accidents are all exacerbated by increased traffic. Thus, vehicular communications, which refer to information transmission between cars, pedestrians, and infrastructures, have lately gained popularity and been extensively explored due to their enormous potential to enable intelligent transportation and various safety applications. Manually piloted cars and automated vehicles can acquire relevant information via vehicular communications to enhance traffic security and boost entertainment services. The basic concept of automobile clouds was originally published in the literature not long ago, and several suggested structural approaches have been presented in this study thus far. Several academics have concentrated on the structural layout to address various problems and, as a result, satisfy user expectations in order to give dependable services. We examined various vehicular cloud topologies in this study. We also offered a complete summary of current network layer research on allowing efficient vehicle communications and examined specific security, architectural, and reliability concerns in vehicular clouds. Also, the taxonomy of vehicular networks was discussed in terms of the service link between vehicular networks and cloud computing. Ultimately, we discussed the research prospects available. The results showed that security and privacy challenges are among the most important challenges.cloud computing, vehicular ad hoc network, vehicular cloud architecture, vehicular communication
| INTRODUCTIONBecause of its vast application domains, like commercial-oriented, safety-relevant, and convenience-centered applications, 1-3 vehicular networks have recently gained much study interest. 4 Real-time traffic, notice after a crash, cooperative message transmission, warning of a coordinated collision, and traffic vigilance are some safety-relevant applications that may be categorized. 5 Distant vehicle personalization/diagnostics, digital map downloading, Internet access, value-added commercials and advertisements, and real-time entertainment video relay are included in the commercial-centered application. 6 Route diversions, parking availability, electronic toll collection, and active prediction help are examples of convenience-centered applications. 1,7,8 So, vehicle networks must meet some most stringent standards in all these essential application fields. 2,9 Time-critical Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) safety applications necessitate