Highlights d The DHS landscape is gradually established during human embryo development d OCT4 contributes to zygotic genome activation in humans, but not in mice d Younger genes establish DHS at later stages, and older genes show the opposite trend d Human transposons SVA/HERVK harbor DHSs and are specifically expressed in embryos

The relatively poor dynamic response of current flexible strain gauges has prevented their wide adoption in portable electronics. In this work, we present a greatly improved flexible strain gauge, where one strip of Au nanoparticle (NP) monolayer assembled on a polyethylene terephthalate film is utilized as the active unit. The proposed flexible gauge is capable of responding to applied stimuli without detectable hysteresis via electron tunneling between adjacent nanoparticles within the Au NP monolayer. Based on experimental quantification of the time and frequency domain dependence of the electrical resistance of the proposed strain gauge, acoustic vibrations in the frequency range of 1 to 20,000 Hz could be reliably detected. In addition to being used to measure musical tone, audible speech, and creature vocalization, as demonstrated in this study, the ultrafast dynamic response of this flexible strain gauge can be used in a wide range of applications, including miniaturized vibratory sensors, safe entrance guard management systems, and ultrasensitive pressure sensors.

Gas diffusion is considered a rate-limiting step in the formation of gas hydrates, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this work, we present the molecular mechanisms of the CO2 cage-to-cage transport in gas hydrates, as directly observed from molecular dynamics simulations performed at elevated temperatures. We found that at least one water vacancy is required for the CO2 molecules to pass through five-membered water rings, while only the distortion of the local ring structure is required for the CO2 molecules to pass through the six-membered water rings. We used the transition-state theory to estimate the relevant kinetic parameters associated with the CO2 diffusion in gas hydrates. The calculated free energy of activation is about 44 ± 6 kJ/mol, and the diffusion coefficient is in the range of 1.0 × 10–16∼2.0 × 10–14 m2/s, for the CO2 diffusion at 270 K, in close agreement with previous experiments. This work suggests that the presence of empty cages is crucial for the CO2 cage-to-cage transport in gas hydrates.