“…The intense shear strain introduced in the samples results in ultra ne grains. One advantage of the HPS process is that it can be applied to samples with practical shapes such as sheets and rods; so far, it has been applied to sheets of pure Al (99.99%), Al-Mg alloy, AZ61 Mg alloy, and 7000 series Al alloy [18][19][20] , as well as rods of pure Al (99.99%), Al-Mg alloy, AZ61 Mg alloy, 2000 series Al alloy, and 7000 series Al alloy [21][22][23] . The ca-pacity of the HPS machine was recently increased to 500 tons 24,25) , which allows the samples to be scaled up 24,25) .…”