Achilles tendon disorders in runners???a review

Effects of foot orthoses on skeletal motion during running

“…Excessive eversion (i.e. / max and A/ max ) has been suggested to force the Achilles tendon to bend laterally, hereby producing an asymmetric stress distribution across the tendon which could lead to Achilles tendon problems [3,4]. Excessive eversion velocity (/ 3 max ) has been associated with medial tibial stress syndrome [5,6].…”

“…Excessive eversion and excessive tibial rotation have been associated with various running inj uries [1 ,2] Excessive eversion has been linked to Achilles tendon problems [3,4] and to shin splints (5,6] whereas excessive tibial rotation has been associated with the development of knee injuries [2,7].…”

Chronic Achilles Peritendinitis: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment

“…The major areas of vascularity are: the musculotendinous junction, along the length of the tendon, and at the tendon-bone junction. The majority of the blood supplied to the Achilles tendon comes through the paratenon (12). Small branches from the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries run transversely through the paratenon.…”

“…collagen fibers grouped together form primary fiber bundles, and groups of primary fiber bundles form fascicles (secondary bundles). A group of fascicles forms a tertiary bundle, and the tertiary bundles make up the tendon (12). A fine sheath, the epitenon, surrounds the tertiary bundles.…”

“…Where the paratenon serves to prevent friction, it is replaced by a synovial sheath. The epitenon and paratenon together make up the peritendon (2,12).…”