Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharide Activates Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Promotes Cytokine Production in J774A.1 Cells Through TLR4/MyD88 Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely acknowledged for its function of invigorating the liver and kidneys and as a stranguria-relieving diuretic and used in the treatment of edema, gonorrhea, and other diseases. Polysaccharide (ABPS), isolated from Achyranthes bidentata Blume, has been demonstrated to have multiple biological activities including immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of ABPS have not been fully investigated. The present study is conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of immunomodulatory activities of ABPS. Results showed that ABPS significantly increased the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in J744 A.1 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) also significantly increased after ABPS treatment. The special antibodies (Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibody and CD14/TLR4 antibody) significantly decreased the activation, while the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) antibody could not abolish this activation. Meanwhile, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific inhibitor of NF-κB, remarkably inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by ABPS in J744 A.1 cells. Western blotting (WB) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that ABPS promoted NF-κB translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and MyD88 were significantly increased after ABPS treatment. Taken together, these findings suggested that the immunomodulatory mechanism of ABPS was associated with the secretion of cytokines by stimulating the NF-κB pathway through TLR4/MyD88 signaling.

Gas chromatography (GC) fingerprinting and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum DC

“…TLRs have been discovered as key membrane receptors that perform an instrumental function in activating macrophages ( Fan et al, 2021 ). Among TLRs, several investigations have demonstrated that TLR4 is implicated in the generation of cytokines in response to polysaccharide stimulation ( Liu et al, 2022b ).…”

Protective role of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides against chondrocyte extracellular matrix degeneration through lncRNA GAS5 in osteoarthritis

“…ABPS alleviates OA by reducing the inflammatory response through the arachidonic acid Pathway ( 11 ). In addition, it confers bone protective effects by promoting cell proliferation and bone formation ( 10 ). In the present study, it was found that ABPS can improve cartilage ECM homeostasis, thereby alleviating articular cartilage degeneration.…”

“…Achyranthes bidentata has been extensively used for the treatment of OA due to its reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties ( 8 , 9 ). Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) is a water-soluble form of fructan that can be extracted from the Achyranthes bidentate plant ( 10 ). The chemical structure of ABPS is dominated by furan rings, where its molecular weight is in the range of 1.4-3.4 kDa ( 11 ).…”

Purification, structural characterization, and immunoregulatory activity of a polysaccharide from mulberry branch

“…The secretion of cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) can be mediated by multiple signals, among which Toll-like receptor (TLR) is the most signi cant [43]. Native polysaccharides can modulate immune cell functions in vitro by interactions with immunoreceptors, such as TLRs [44].…”