Acid‐etched Pt/Al‐MCM‐41 catalysts for fuel production by one‐step hydrotreatment of Jatropha oil

Abstract

Continued social development increased the consumption of fossil fuels in the past several decades. However, fossil fuel reserves are gradually decreasing. Moreover, the largescale consumption of fossil fuels imposed a huge environmental burden owing to excessive emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g., CO 2), which contribute to the greenhouse effect (Yilmaz & Atmanli, 2017). As an alternative of fossil fuel, biofuel has received considerable attention in various countries. There are two pathways for converting biomass or vegetable oils into hydrocarbons. The first involves the conversion of biomass into bio-oil by pyrolysis, followed by a variety of ways to produce hydrocarbon fuels (Huber et al., 2006). The second uses vegetable or animal oils to produce hydrocarbons via hydrodeoxygenation (Chuck & Donnelly, 2014). The vegetable and animal oil pathway exhibits higher conversion rates and thus offers a better research prospective. Unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils can be hydrotreated and deoxidized using a two-step method. In the first step, unsaturated fatty acids are converted to saturated alkanes over a sulfide Ni-Mo

Application of different molecular sieves in photothermal catalysis of Jatropha oil

“…Figure 10 compares the results of this study and the results of previous studies in References [28,29,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. The modified catalyst P-21 required lower temperature and hydrogen pressure than the other modified catalyst, which means that the cost of the experiment declined and the environmental impact was reduced.…”

Direct Production of Jet Fuel by Catalytic Hydrocracking of Glycerol Trioleate over a Ni/Mo Catalyst Supported on Nb2O5–ZrO2

“…Zeolite catalysts are more commonly used (such as SAPO-11, ZSM-5, MCM-41, etc.) but tend to develop for the upgrade of n -alkanes to isoalkanes. − When zeolite catalysts are used for the direct transformation of fatty biomass to jet fuel, small-molecule gas and aromatic hydrocarbons are more easily produced and affect the yield and quality of the liquid products . However, because of the easy deactivation of single metal oxide catalysts, some researchers also combined two or more metal oxides to obtain more active and stable catalysts. , For example, WO 3 –ZrO 2 , SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 –ZrO 2 and CrO 3 –ZrO 2 , etc., have been reported to show better catalytic performances in terms of the stability and selectivity than single metal oxides.…”