Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose and Hemicellulose

Lignocellulose Biopolymers and Electronically Conducting Polymers: Toward Sustainable Energy Storage Applications

“…Hemicellulose is made up of glucose and other sugars like arabinose, galactose, mannose, and xylose; it is also constituted by a variety of acids like acetic, ferulic, and glucuronic acid. 33 This collection of different molecular species synthesis of nanocellulose and their applications in lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries, LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), and supercapacitors polymer chain makes it complicated for separation; hence, their limited usage for EES related applications. 31 Collectively, the three components have been termed as lignocellulose, and they have been represented in Figure 1.…”

“…Hemicellulose constitutes a large percentage of the overall weight content in wood but is much less explored; this is particularly because of its inherent structural properties and molecular make up. Hemicellulose is made up of glucose and other sugars like arabinose, galactose, mannose, and xylose; it is also constituted by a variety of acids like acetic, ferulic, and glucuronic acid . This collection of different molecular species makeup and their particular random nature of the shorter polymer chain makes it complicated for separation; hence, their limited usage for EES related applications …”

Hydrolysis–dehydration of cellulose to glucose and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Sibunit solid acid carbon catalysts under semi-flow conditions

“…Cellulose depolymerization can be carried out in the presence of soluble or solid catalysts and the latter seem to be more prospective. Among the solid catalysts being stable in subcritical aqueous medium (TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , C) and interesting for cellulose transformation to glucose and 5-HMF, carbons are of particular interest due to their high mechanical and chemical stability (Amarasekara 2013;Bhatnagar et al 2013;Burgess et al 2015;Chareonlimkun et al 2010a, b;Jiang et al 2014;Kim and Ihm 2011;Lai et al 2011;Levec and Pintar 2007;Liu et al 2010;Nakajima and Hara 2012;Nakajima et al 2008;Nandiwale et al 2014;Shrotri et al 2017;Takagaki et al 2011Takagaki et al , 2008Taran et al 2013Taran et al , 2011bWang et al 2012;Watanabe et al 2005;Yang et al 2011a, b). However, pure non-modified carbons characterized by insufficient surface acidity show insignificant catalytic activity in polysaccharide depolymerization reactions (Foo and Sievers 2015;Fukuhara et al 2011;Pang et al 2010).…”